An Act to implement an agreement between the Mohawks of Kanesatake and Her Majesty in right of Canada respecting governance of certain lands by the Mohawks of Kanesatake and to amend an Act in consequenceKanesatake Interim Land Base Governance ActKanesatake Interim Land Base Governance20016
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K-0.582001Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:
Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Kanesatake Interim Land Base Governance Act.
DefinitionsThe definitions in this subsection apply in this Act.Agreement means the “Agreement with respect to Kanesatake Governance of the Interim Land Base” between the Mohawks of Kanesatake and Her Majesty in right of Canada, signed on December 21, 2000 and tabled in Parliament on March 27, 2001. (accord territorial)Council means the council of the band, known as the Mohawk Council of Kanesatake. (conseil)Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base means the lands set out in the schedule to this Act. (territoire provisoire de Kanesatake)Kanesatake Mohawk law means a law enacted in accordance with the provisions of this Act. (lois des Mohawks de Kanesatake)Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring lands means the lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base that are located in the sectors set out in Schedule B to the Agreement, in the area commonly known as the “Village of Oka”. (terres mohawks avoisinantes)Mohawks of Kanesatake means the band known as the Mohawks of Kanesatake. (Mohawks de Kanesatake)Reference to MunicipalityA reference in this Act to the Municipality of Oka includes any successor municipality.
PurposeThe purpose of this Act is to implement the Agreement and, in doing so,to ensure that certain lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base constitute lands reserved for the Indians within the meaning of class 24 of section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 but not a reserve within the meaning of the Indian Act;to provide a framework for the exercise of jurisdiction by the Mohawks of Kanesatake over the use and development of the lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base; andto establish principles to govern the harmonious use and development of Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring lands and certain lands in the Municipality of Oka.Aboriginal and treaty rightsThis Act does not address any aboriginal or treaty rights of the Mohawks of Kanesatake. Nothing in this Act is intended either to prejudice such rights or to represent a recognition of such rights by Her Majesty in right of Canada.Status of and interests in landsThis Act does notaddress the constitutional status of any lands before this Act comes into effect; oralter existing jurisdiction over the creation or transfer of rights or interests in relation to lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base.[Note: Act in force on assent June 14, 2001.]
Lands reservedThe lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base, other than the lands known as Doncaster Reserve No. 17, are set aside for the use and benefit of the Mohawks of Kanesatake as lands reserved for the Indians within the meaning of class 24 of section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 but not as a reserve within the meaning of the Indian Act.
Legal status and capacityThe Mohawks of Kanesatake have the capacity of a natural person and, in particular, mayacquire and hold property;enter into contracts or agreements;borrow money;expend and invest money;be a party to legal proceedings; anddo any other thing that is conducive to the exercise of the rights, powers and privileges associated with that capacity.
Exercise of jurisdiction and powersThe Mohawks of Kanesatake shall act through the Council in exercising the jurisdiction and powers under this Act.
JurisdictionThe Mohawks of Kanesatake have jurisdiction to make laws in relation to the use and development of the lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base, including in relation tothe health and quality of life of residents;the protection and management of wildlife and fish;the observance of law and order and the prevention of disorderly conduct and nuisances;the prevention of trespass, including entry onto, or occupation of, the lands without lawful authority;residency;fire safety and fire protection services;the construction, maintenance, management and use of local works, including water supplies;the construction or alteration of buildings, including inspection in connection with the construction or alteration;zoning;waste management and public sanitation; andtraffic regulation.OffencesThis jurisdiction includes the power to create offences punishable on summary conviction and to provide for the following sanctions for those offences, namely, orders, fines, imprisonment and sanctions that are consistent with restorative justice objectives. However, a fine or period of imprisonment shall not exceed the limits established under subsection 787(1) of the Criminal Code.ExclusionFor greater certainty, this jurisdiction does not include jurisdiction in relation to the subject-matters referred to in class 27 of section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 or in relation to labour relations or working conditions.Statutory Instruments ActThe Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to Kanesatake Mohawk laws.
Restriction — Doncaster Reserve No. 17Jurisdiction shall not be exercised under section 7 with respect to the lands known as Doncaster Reserve No. 17 except in accordance with an agreement between the Mohawks of Kanesatake and Kahnawake, and exercise of the jurisdiction with respect to those lands shall be subject to Her Majesty in right of Canada agreeing to take any measures that may be necessary to implement that agreement.Application of the Indian ActTo the extent that a Kanesatake Mohawk law enacted in accordance with subsection (1) makes provision for any matter for which provision is made by the Indian Act, the Indian Act does not apply to the Mohawks of Kanesatake or to members of the Mohawks of Kanesatake.
Restriction — land governance codeBefore jurisdiction under section 7 is exercised, the Mohawks of Kanesatake shall adopt a land governance code that sets out the principles, processes and rules to which the exercise of jurisdiction is subject.Mandatory elements of the codeThe code shallestablish processes for the preparation, enactment and publication of Kanesatake Mohawk laws;establish processes for the assessment and approval of proposed uses and development of lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base;establish principles and rules, including conflict of interest rules, to ensure the accountability of the Council to members of the Mohawks of Kanesatake;provide for rights of appeal and redress in relation to decisions and other measures taken by the Council under the authority of Kanesatake Mohawk laws; andinclude a procedure to amend the code.Statutory Instruments ActThe Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to the land governance code.
Land use planThe Mohawks of Kanesatake shall adopt a plan that establishes general policies governing land use for the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base before any process preliminary to the granting of an authorization is undertaken in relation to the proposed use of any of the lands in the land base fora commercial or industrial activity that results in or may result in an adverse impact on the environment;the storage or transportation of any dangerous materials; orwaste disposal.
Environmental protectionIf federal laws contain no standards of environmental protection with respect to a matter, a Kanesatake Mohawk law, or an action or measure taken by the Council, with respect to that matter shall be consistent with the standards of environmental protection that apply generally in the province with respect to the matter.ExclusionFor the purposes of subsection (1), environmental protection does not include environmental assessment.Stricter standardsNothing in subsection (1) precludes the Mohawks of Kanesatake or the Council from setting or applying standards that are stricter than the provincial standards.
Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring landsUntil the Mohawks of Kanesatake make a Kanesatake Mohawk law that allows a land use on, or that establishes a land use standard that applies to, one or more of the lots or land sites that constitute Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring lands, no person shall alter an existing land use, building or structure on that lot or land site or those lots or land sites unless the alteration complies with the land uses or the land use standards set out in Schedule B to the Agreement for the applicable sector.
Harmonization arrangement — Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring landsBefore the Mohawks of Kanesatake make any Kanesatake Mohawk law that allows a land use, or establishes a land use standard, that is significantly different from the uses or standards set out in Schedule B to the Agreement for the applicable sector, they shall enter into a harmonization arrangement with the Municipality of Oka.Content of harmonization arrangementThe harmonization arrangementshall establish the reciprocal obligations of the parties to harmonize, with respect to land use or land use standards, the Kanesatake Mohawk laws that apply to Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring lands and the municipal by-laws that apply to the properties in the Municipality of Oka that adjoin Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring lands;shall establish a dispute resolution process, which may include arbitration, to resolve any disagreement between the parties in relation to the arrangement; andmay determine criteria for compatibility between those Kanesatake Mohawk laws and municipal by-laws.ExceptionSubsection (1) does not apply in relation to any of the sectors in Schedule B to the Agreement if the Municipality of Oka, before entering into a harmonization arrangement, amends a municipal by-law to allow a land use or to establish a land use standard in any sector that is significantly different from the uses or standards set out in that Schedule for that sector, without being legally obliged by a provincial law to amend the by-law for that purpose.Enactment despite harmonization arrangementThe Mohawks of Kanesatake may, in relation to any of the sectors in Schedule B to the Agreement, make Kanesatake Mohawk laws despite the terms of the harmonization arrangement if, without the agreement of the Mohawks of Kanesatake, the Municipality of Okain breach of its obligations under the arrangement, amends or repeals a municipal by-law with respect to land use or land use standards without being legally obliged by a provincial law to amend or repeal the by-law; orcondones any use, activity or construction on a property in the Municipality of Oka that contravenes a municipal by-law with respect to land use or land use standards and that significantly prejudices any right or interest of an occupant of Kanesatake Mohawk neighbouring lands.
National building standardsAny construction that takes place on lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base shall comply with the building standards contained in the National Building Code of Canada 1995, issued by the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes of the National Research Council of Canada, as amended from time to time.
ProsecutionThe Mohawks of Kanesatake may prosecute an offence committed under a Kanesatake Mohawk law in a court of competent jurisdiction.Contraventions ActThe Mohawks of Kanesatake may adopt the procedure applicable under the Contraventions Act for the prosecution of contraventions, subject to the necessary modifications.
Power to appoint justices of the peaceTo ensure the enforcement of Kanesatake Mohawk laws, the Mohawks of Kanesatake may appoint justices of the peace to adjudicate offences for contraventions of those laws.Agreement with Her MajestyThe Mohawks of Kanesatake shall not appoint any justices of the peace except in accordance with an agreement with Her Majesty in right of Canada that addresses the following matters:the jurisdiction and qualifications of the justices of the peace;the independence and impartiality, including the financial security and security of tenure, of the justices of the peace;the supervision of the justices of the peace;the right to appeal any decision of a justice of the peace; andthe relationship between the justices of the peace and the existing justice system and its institutions.
Provincial laws that do not apply of their own force and municipal by-lawsA provincial law to which section 88 of the Indian Act applies, or a municipal by-law, does not apply to the extent that it is inconsistent or conflicts with this Act or with a Kanesatake Mohawk law, or to the extent that it makes provision for any matter for which provision is made by or under this Act.Other provincial lawsIn the event of an inconsistency or conflict between a Kanesatake Mohawk law and any other provincial law, the Kanesatake Mohawk law prevails to the extent of the inconsistency or conflict.Federal lawsIn the event of an inconsistency or conflict between a Kanesatake Mohawk law and a federal law, the federal law prevails to the extent of the inconsistency or conflict.
EvidenceIn any proceeding, a copy of a Kanesatake Mohawk law that appears to be certified as a true copy by a duly authorized officer of the Council is, without proof of the officer’s signature or official character, evidence of its enactment on the date specified in the law.
Amendment to scheduleThe Governor in Council may, by order, add to the schedule to this Act a reference to lands that the Mohawks of Kanesatake and Her Majesty in right of Canada agree should be added to the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base.Amendment of planThe Mohawks of Kanesatake shall revise the plan referred to in section 10 to include the lands added to the schedule to this Act before any process preliminary to the granting of an authorization is undertaken in relation to the proposed use of the added lands for any of the activities referred to in paragraphs 10(a) to (c).
Existing rights or interestsA right or interest in relation to lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base that exists on the coming into force of this Act continues in accordance with its terms and conditions.[Note: Act in force on assent June 14, 2001.]
Canada Lands Surveys ActFor the purposes of subsection 29(3) of the Canada Lands Surveys Act, in relation to lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base, the survey and plans must be satisfactory to the Council rather than to the Minister of Indigenous Services.ExceptionSubsection (1) does not apply in relation to boundaries between the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base and other lands.2001, c. 8, s. 212019, c. 29, s. 375
Deposit of copiesThe Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development shall cause a copy of each of the following documents, and of any amendment to them, certified by the Minister as a true copy, to be deposited in the library of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development situated in the National Capital Region, and in the regional office of that Department closest to the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base or in any other place designated by the Minister:the Agreement;the agreement referred to in subsection 16(2); andthe Management Agreement entered into between Her Majesty in right of Canada and Kanesatake Orihwa’shon:a Development Corporation on June 30, 1999.AccessThe copies shall be made available for inspection by any person at any time during normal business hours.
Council officeThe Council shall keep at its office a copy, certified by it as a true copy, of each of the documents referred to in subsection 22(1), of the land governance code, and of any amendment to them.AccessThe copies shall be made available for inspection by any member of the Mohawks of Kanesatake at any time during normal business hours.
Amendment to Canada Lands Surveys Act
[Amendment]
(Subsection 2(1) and section 19)Kanesatake Mohawk Interim Land BaseKanesatake Indian Lands No. 16Lands, known as Doncaster Reserve No. 17, that are set apart for the Mohawks of Kanesatake and KahnawakeLands known as “Assenenson”, “Chemin du Milieu” or “Centre Road”Lands described in Article 2.1.1 of the Management Agreement entered into between Her Majesty in right of Canada and Kanesatake Orihwa’shon:a Development Corporation on June 30, 1999RELATED PROVISIONS — 2019, c. 29, s. 372(2)
 — 2019, c. 29, s. 375(2)