Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations (SOR/2013-24)

Full Document:

HTMLFull Document: Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations (Accessibility Buttons available) |
XMLFull Document: Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations [536 KB] |
PDFFull Document: Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations [1082 KB]

Regulations are current to 2024-10-14 and last amended on 2022-10-03. Previous Versions

Table of Contents

Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations

SOR/2013-24

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999

Registration 2013-02-22

Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations

P.C. 2013-160 2013-02-22

Whereas, pursuant to subsection 332(1)Footnote ^a of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999Footnote ^b, the Minister of the Environment published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, on April 14, 2012, a copy of the proposed Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations, substantially in the annexed form, and persons were given an opportunity to file comments with respect to the Regulations or to file a notice of objection requesting that a board of review be established and stating the reasons for the objection;

Return to footnote ^aS.C. 2004, c. 15, s. 31
Return to footnote ^bS.C. 1999, c. 33

Therefore, His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of the Environment, pursuant to sections 160 and 162 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999Footnote ^b, makes the annexed Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations.

Interpretation

Marginal note:Definitions

1 (1) The following definitions apply in these Regulations.
Act
Act means the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. (Loi)
adjusted loaded vehicle weight
adjusted loaded vehicle weight means the numerical average of the curb weight and the GVWR, and in the case of vehicles referred to in subsection 26(6) with an adjusted loaded vehicle weight of more than 6 350 kg (14,000 pounds), the value corresponding to the nearest 225 kg (500 pounds) increment. (poids ajusté du véhicule chargé)
aftertreatment device
aftertreatment device means a catalytic converter, particulate filter or any other system or component mounted downstream of the exhaust valve or exhaust port that is designed to decrease engine exhaust emissions before they are released into the environment. (dispositif de traitement postcombustion)
A to B testing
A to B testing means testing performed in pairs to allow comparison of a vehicle A to a vehicle B, an engine A to an engine B or equipment A to equipment B, as the case may be. (essais A à B)
automatic tire inflation system
automatic tire inflation system means a pneumatically or electronically activated system that is installed on a vehicle or a trailer to maintain tire pressure at a specified value. (dispositif automatique de gonflage des pneus)
auxiliary emission control device
auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, manifold vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any part of an emission control system. (dispositif antipollution auxiliaire)
averaging set
averaging set means, for the purpose of a company’s participation in the CO₂ emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47 or sections 47.1 to 47.5, as the case may be, any of the following groups of fleets of vehicles, engines or trailers:
- (a) Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles;
- (b) vocational vehicles that are light heavy-duty vehicles and incomplete vocational vehicles that are to become light heavy-duty vehicles;
- (c) medium heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty incomplete vehicles that are to become medium heavy-duty vehicles, other than those that are of a type referred to in the table to subsection 26(1.2) and in respect of which the company has made the election referred to in that subsection;
- (d) heavy heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty incomplete vehicles that are to become heavy heavy-duty vehicles, other than those that are of a type referred to in the table to subsection 26(1.2) and in respect of which the company has made the election referred to in that subsection;
- (d.1) vocational vehicles that are all of the same type referred to in the table to subsection 26(1.2) and in respect of which the company has made the election referred to in that subsection;
- (e) light heavy-duty engines and medium heavy-duty engines that are spark-ignition engines;
- (f) light heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines;
- (g) medium heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines;
- (h) heavy heavy-duty engines;
- (i) full-aero box van trailers that are short dry box van trailers and full-aero box van trailers that are short refrigerated box van trailers; or
- (j) full-aero box van trailers that are long dry box van trailers and full-aero box van trailers that are long refrigerated box van trailers. (groupe de calcul de points)
basic vehicle frontal area
basic vehicle frontal area means the area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle — including tires but not mirrors or air deflectors — along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle onto a plane perpendicular to that axis. (surface frontale du véhicule de base)
box van trailer
box van trailer means a trailer — other than a tank trailer that is designed to transport liquids or gases — that has an enclosed cargo space that is permanently attached to the trailer chassis, has fixed sides and a fixed nose and roof. (remorque fourgon)
brake horsepower
brake horsepower or BHP means a unit of brake power that is equal to 745.7 watts, expressed in horsepower. (BHP)
bus
bus means a vocational vehicle that is designed to carry more than 15 passengers. (autobus)
cab-complete vehicle
cab-complete vehicle means a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle with either a completed occupant compartment that requires only the addition of a cargo-carrying surface, work-performing equipment or load-bearing component to perform its intended functions or with the back of the cab cut out for the intended installation of a structure that permits access from the driver’s area to the back of the vehicle. (véhicule à cabine complète)
calibration
calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific to a particular design, version or application of a component or assembly that describes its operation over its working range. (calibrages)
CFR
CFR means the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States, as amended from time to time. (CFR)
CH₄
CH₄ means methane. (CH₄)
Class 2B
Class 2B means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 3 856 kg (8,500 pounds) but not more than 4 536 kg (10,000 pounds). (classe 2B)
Class 3
Class 3 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 4 536 kg (10,000 pounds) but not more than 6 350 kg (14,000 pounds). (classe 3)
Class 4
Class 4 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 6 350 kg (14,000 pounds) but not more than 7 257 kg (16,000 pounds). (classe 4)
Class 5
Class 5 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 7 257 kg (16,000 pounds) but not more than 8 845 kg (19,500 pounds). (classe 5)
Class 6
Class 6 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 8 845 kg (19,500 pounds) but not more than 11 793 kg (26,000 pounds). (classe 6)
Class 7
Class 7 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 11 793 kg (26,000 pounds) but not more than 14 969 kg (33,000 pounds). (classe 7)
Class 8
Class 8 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 14 969 kg (33,000 pounds). (classe 8)
coach bus
coach bus means a bus that is designed for intercity passenger transport and that is not equipped with features to accommodate standing passengers. (autocar)
compression-ignition engine
compression-ignition engine means an engine that operates as a reciprocating internal combustion engine, but does not include an engine that operates under characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle or an engine that uses a spark plug or other sparking device. (moteur à allumage par compression)
concrete mixer
concrete mixer means a vocational vehicle that is designed to mix and transport concrete in a revolving drum that is permanently mounted. (bétonnière)
CO₂
CO₂ means carbon dioxide. (CO₂)
CO₂ family certification level
CO₂ family certification level, in respect of a company’s heavy-duty engines, means the maximum CO₂ emission level determined by the company for a fleet, which is greater than or equal to the maximum CO₂ deteriorated emission level value calculated in accordance with subsection 32(1) for the engines that are included in the fleet. (niveau de certification de la famille applicable au CO₂)
curb weight
curb weight means the actual or manufacturer’s estimated weight of a heavy-duty vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment and includes the weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity and the weight of optional equipment. (masse en état de marche)
day cab
day cab means a tractor cab that is not a sleeper cab. (cabine de jour)
deteriorated emission level
deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results from applying the applicable deterioration factor to the emission test results for a vehicle or engine. (niveau d’émissions détérioré)
deterioration factor
deterioration factor means the factor used to account for the variation, if any, between the maximum emission level during the useful life of a vehicle or engine and the undeteriorated emission level measured at the point corresponding to a maximum of 6 437 km (4,000 miles) of operation in relation to a vehicle that has stabilized emissions and to a maximum of 125 hours of operation in relation to an engine that has stabilized emissions, determined in accordance with
- (a) sections 1819(d)(5) and 1823(m) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR, in the case of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles;
- (b) section 241(c) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart C, of the CFR, in the case of vocational vehicles, incomplete vocational vehicles, tractors and incomplete tractors; and
- (c) section 150(g) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart B, of the CFR, and section 241(c) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart C, of the CFR, in the case of heavy-duty engines. (facteur de détérioration)
dry box van trailer
dry box van trailer means a box van trailer other than a refrigerated box van trailer. (remorque fourgon non frigorifique)
electric vehicle
electric vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle, other than a fuel cell vehicle, that is not equipped with an internal combustion engine and is powered solely by an external source of electricity or solar power or a combination of electricity and solar power. (véhicule électrique)
element of design
element of design means, in respect of a vehicle, engine or trailer,
- (a) any control system, including computer software, electronic control systems and computer logic;
- (b) any control system calibrations;
- (c) the results of systems interaction; or
- (d) any hardware items. (élément de conception)
emergency vehicle
emergency vehicle means a vocational vehicle that is designed for use as an ambulance or fire truck. (véhicule d’urgence)
emission control system
emission control system means any emission control device, auxiliary emission control device, engine modification and strategy, and other element of design used to reduce exhaust emissions from a vehicle or engine. (système antipollution)
engine configuration
engine configuration means a unique combination of heavy-duty engine hardware and calibration that has an effect on measured emissions within an engine family or engine subfamily, as the case may be. (configuration de moteur)
engine family
engine family, in respect of a company’s heavy-duty engines other than those referred to in section 25, means
- (a) if they are covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping for which the EPA certificate was issued; or
- (b) if they are not covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping determined in accordance with section 230 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart C, of the CFR. (famille de moteurs)
engine subfamily
engine subfamily, in respect of a company’s heavy-duty engines other than those referred to in section 25, means the grouping within an engine family having the same CO₂ family certification level, determined in accordance with section 230 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart C, of the CFR. (sous-famille de moteurs)
EPA
EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA)
EPA certificate
EPA certificate means a certificate of conformity with U.S. federal standards issued by the EPA. (certificat de l’EPA)
family emission limit
family emission limit means
- (a) in the case of CO₂ emissions,
  - (i) in respect of a company’s vocational vehicles and incomplete vocational vehicles, the maximum CO₂ emission level determined by the company for a fleet or subfleet, which is greater than or equal to the maximum CO₂ emission rate determined in accordance with subsection 26(2) for the vocational vehicles and incomplete vocational vehicles that are included in the fleet or subfleet,
  - (ii) in respect of a company’s tractors and incomplete tractors, the maximum CO₂ emission level determined by the company for a fleet or subfleet, which is greater than or equal to the maximum CO₂ emission rate determined in accordance with subsection 27(2) for the tractors and incomplete tractors that are included in the fleet or subfleet, and
  - (iii) in respect of a company’s full-aero box van trailers, the maximum CO₂ emission level determined by the company for a subfleet, which is greater than or equal to the maximum CO₂ emission rate determined in accordance with subsection 33.1(3) for the trailers that are included in the subfleet; and
- (b) in the case of N₂O or CH₄ emissions,
  - (i) in respect of a company’s Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — the maximum N₂O or CH₄ emission level determined by the company for a fleet or subfleet, which is greater than or equal to the maximum N₂O or CH₄ emission value determined in accordance with section 24 for the vehicles or vehicle configurations that are included in the fleet or subfleet, and
  - (ii) in respect of a company’s heavy-duty engines, the maximum N₂O or CH₄ emission level determined by the company for a fleet, which is greater than or equal to the maximum N₂O or CH₄ deteriorated emission level value calculated using the applicable emission value determined in accordance with subsection 29(2) for the engine configurations that are included in the fleet. (limite d’émissions de la famille)
FTP-based city test
FTP-based city test means the Federal Test Procedure set out in section 127 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart B, of the CFR, to comply with the FTP emission standards. (essai en ville)
fuel cell vehicle
fuel cell vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle propelled solely by an electric motor, the energy for the motor being supplied by an electrochemical cell that produces electricity via the non-combustion reaction of a consumable fuel, typically hydrogen. (véhicule à pile à combustible)
full-aero
full-aero, in respect of a box van trailer, means that the trailer does not have any of the following features:
- (a) a belly box that occupies at least half of the length of both sides of the trailer between the centreline of the landing gear when it is extended and the leading edge of the front wheels;
- (b) a drop deck;
- (c) a side-mounted, pull-out platform;
- (d) one or more steps for side-door access;
- (e) a side lift gate;
- (f) a rear hinged loading ramp;
- (g) a rear mount for a forklift;
- (h) a rear lift gate or, for the 2023 model year or an earlier model year, a roll-up rear door. (totalement aérodynamique)
GAWR
GAWR means the gross axle weight rating that is specified by a manufacturer as the load-carrying capacity of a single axle system, as measured at the tire-ground interface. (PNBE)
GCWR
GCWR means the gross combination weight rating that is specified by a manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a vehicle and trailer. (PNBC)
GEM computer simulation model
GEM computer simulation model means the EPA’s GEM computer simulation model referred to in section 520 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR. (modèle de simulation informatique GEM)
GVWR
GVWR means the gross vehicle weight rating that is specified by a manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a vehicle. (PNBV)
heavy-duty completed vehicle
heavy-duty completed vehicle[Repealed, SOR/2018-98, s. 1]
heavy-duty engine
heavy-duty engine means an engine that is designed to be used for motive power in a vocational vehicle or a tractor. (moteur de véhicule lourd)
heavy-duty incomplete vehicle
heavy-duty incomplete vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle, an on-road vehicle with a curb weight of more than 2 722 kg (6,000 pounds) or an on-road vehicle with a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 4.2 m² (45 square feet) that consists of, at a minimum, a chassis, a powertrain and wheels in the state in which all of those components are to be part of the vehicle, but that requires further manufacturing operations to be completed. (véhicule lourd incomplet)
heavy-duty vehicle
heavy-duty vehicle means an on-road vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 3 856 kg (8,500 pounds) but does not include a medium-duty passenger vehicle as defined in subsection 1(1) of the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations or a vehicle regulated under the Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations. (véhicule lourd)
heavy-haul tractor
heavy-haul tractor means a tractor of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year that has a GCWR of 63 503 kg (140,000 pounds) or more. (tracteur routier à chargement lourd)
heavy heavy-duty engine
heavy heavy-duty engine means a heavy-duty engine that has cylinder liners designed for multiple rebuilds and is designed to be used in Class 8 heavy-duty vehicles. (gros moteur de véhicule lourd)
heavy heavy-duty vehicle
heavy heavy-duty vehicle means
- (a) for the 2020 model year and earlier model years, a Class 8 heavy-duty vehicle; and
- (b) for the 2021 model year and subsequent model years,
  - (i) a Class 6, Class 7 or Class 8 vocational vehicle that is equipped with a heavy heavy-duty engine,
  - (ii) a Class 8 vocational vehicle that is an electric vehicle,
  - (iii) a Class 8 vocational vehicle that is a fuel cell vehicle,
  - (iv) a Class 8 vocational vehicle that is a hybrid vehicle, or
  - (v) a Class 8 tractor. (gros véhicule lourd)
HFET-based highway test
HFET-based highway test means the Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure referred to in subpart B of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter Q, part 600, of the CFR. (essai sur route)
high-roof
high-roof, in relation to a tractor, means having a roof height of 376 cm (148 inches) or more. (toit élevé)
hybrid engine
hybrid engine or hybrid powertrain means an engine or a powertrain that is equipped with energy storage features — other than a conventional battery system or conventional flywheel — such as supplemental electric batteries and hydraulic accumulators. (moteur hybride ou groupe motopropulseur hybride)
hybrid vehicle
hybrid vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle that is equipped with energy storage features — other than a conventional battery system or conventional flywheel — such as supplemental electric batteries and hydraulic accumulators, in addition to an internal combustion engine or other engine that uses fuel. (véhicule hybride)
incomplete tractor
incomplete tractor means a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle that is designed to become a tractor on completion of manufacturing operations. (tracteur routier incomplet)
incomplete vocational vehicle
incomplete vocational vehicle means a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle that is designed to become a vocational vehicle on completion of manufacturing operations. (véhicule spécialisé incomplet)
innovative technology
innovative technology means a greenhouse gas emission reduction technology for which the total emission reduction attributable to it cannot be measured by either GEM computer simulation modelling or the test procedures specified under these Regulations. (technologie innovatrice)
light heavy-duty engine
light heavy-duty engine means a heavy-duty engine that is designed to be used in Class 2B, Class 3, Class 4 or Class 5 heavy-duty vehicles. (petit moteur de véhicule lourd)
light heavy-duty vehicle
light heavy-duty vehicle means a Class 2B, Class 3, Class 4 or Class 5 heavy-duty vehicle. (petit véhicule lourd)
long
long, in respect of a trailer, means more than 15.24 metres (50 feet) in length. (longue)
low-roof
low-roof, in relation to a tractor, means having a roof height of 305 cm (120 inches) or less. (toit bas)
medium heavy-duty engine
medium heavy-duty engine means a heavy-duty engine that is designed to be used in Class 6 and Class 7 heavy-duty vehicles. (moteur moyen de véhicule lourd)
medium heavy-duty vehicle
medium heavy-duty vehicle means
- (a) for the 2020 model year and earlier model years, a Class 6 or Class 7 heavy-duty vehicle; and
- (b) for the 2021 model year and subsequent model years,
  - (i) a Class 6, Class 7 or Class 8 vocational vehicle that is not a hybrid vehicle and is equipped with an engine other than a heavy heavy-duty engine,
  - (ii) a Class 6 or Class 7 vocational vehicle that is an electric vehicle,
  - (iii) a Class 6 or Class 7 vocational vehicle that is a fuel cell vehicle,
  - (iv) a Class 6 or Class 7 vocational vehicle that is a hybrid vehicle, or
  - (v) a Class 7 tractor. (véhicule mi-lourd)
mid-roof
mid-roof, in relation to a tractor, means having a roof height of more than 305 cm (120 inches) but less than 376 cm (148 inches). (toit moyen)
mixed-use vocational vehicle
mixed-use vocational vehicle means a vocational vehicle that
- (a) is designed to operate at low speeds that are unsuitable for normal highway operation, has affixed components that are designed to operate in an off-road environment or has both of those characteristics; or
- (b) has one or more of the following characteristics:
  - (i) it has an axle that has a GAWR of 13 154 kg (29,000 pounds) or more,
  - (ii) it cannot attain a speed of more than 53 km/h (33 miles per hour) over 3.2 km (2 miles),
  - (iii) it cannot attain a speed of more than 72 km/h (45 miles per hour) over 3.2 km (2 miles), it has an unloaded vehicle weight that is not less than 95% of its GVWR and it cannot carry occupants other than the driver and operating crew,
  - (iv) it cannot attain a speed of more than 87 km/h (54 miles per hour)
    (A) due to parameters that are not adjustable parameters as defined in subsection 15(1), or
    (B) without the engine with which it is equipped being at 95% or more of its maximum test speed in the highest available gear ratio. (véhicule spécialisé à usages divers)
model year
model year means the year, determined in accordance with section 4, that is used by a manufacturer to designate a model of vehicle, engine or trailer. (année de modèle)
motor home
motor home means a vocational vehicle that is designed to provide temporary residential accommodations and that is equipped with at least four of the following features:
- (a) a cooking appliance;
- (b) a refrigerator;
- (c) a self-contained toilet;
- (d) a heating or air-conditioning system;
- (e) a potable water supply system, including a faucet and a sink;
- (f) a 110-125 volt alternating current (VAC) electrical supply system or propane supply system. (autocaravane)
multi-purpose vocational vehicle
multi-purpose vocational vehicle means a vocational vehicle that is neither a regional vocational vehicle nor an urban vocational vehicle. (véhicule spécialisé à usages multiples)
nominal tank capacity
nominal tank capacity means the fuel tank’s volume that is specified by a manufacturer to the nearest three eighths of a litre (one tenth of a U.S. gallon). (capacité nominale du réservoir à carburant)
non-aero box van trailer
non-aero box van trailer means
- (a) a box van trailer that is at least 10.67 metres (35 feet) in length and that has
  - (i) at least one of the following rear features:
    (A) a hinged loading ramp,
    (B) a lift gate,
    (C) a mount for a forklift,
    (D) for the 2023 model year or an earlier model year, a roll-up door, and
  - (ii) at least one of the following side features:
    (A) a belly box that occupies at least half of the length of both sides of the trailer between the centreline of the landing gear when it is extended and the leading edge of the front wheels,
    (B) a drop deck,
    (C) a mounted, pull-out platform,
    (D) one or more steps for side-door access,
    (E) a lift gate; or
- (b) a short refrigerated box van trailer that is less than 10.67 metres (35 feet) in length and has at least one of the side features listed in clauses (a)(ii)(A) to (E). (remorque fourgon non aérodynamique)
non-box trailer
non-box trailer means a tank trailer that is designed to transport liquids or gases, a trailer that is designed to carry a temporarily mounted shipping container or a trailer that is designed to accommodate side-loading cargo onto a single, continuous load-bearing surface that runs from the rear of the trailer to at least the trailer’s kingpin and that may have curtains, straps or other devices to restrain or protect the cargo during transport, including side walls that do not completely enclose the cargo space. (remorque sans fourgon)
N₂O
N₂O means nitrous oxide. (N₂O)
on-road vehicle
on-road vehicle means a self-propelled vehicle that is designed for or capable of transporting persons, property, material or permanently or temporarily affixed apparatus on a highway, but does not mean a vehicle that
- (a) cannot exceed a speed of 40 km/h (25 miles per hour) on a level paved surface;
- (b) lacks features customarily associated with safe and practical highway use such as a reverse gear, a differential or safety features that are required by federal or provincial laws;
- (c) exhibits features that render its use on a highway unsafe, impractical or highly unlikely, such as tracked road contact means or inordinate size; or
- (d) is a military vehicle that is designed for use in combat or combat support. (véhicule routier)
partial-aero
partial-aero, in respect of a box van trailer other than a non-aero box van trailer, means that the trailer
- (a) has at least one of the following side features:
  - (i) a belly box that occupies at least half of the length of both sides of the trailer between the centreline of the landing gear when it is extended and the leading edge of the front wheels,
  - (ii) a drop deck,
  - (iii) a mounted, pull-out platform,
  - (iv) one or more steps for side-door access,
  - (v) a lift gate; or
- (b) in the case of a long dry box van trailer or a long refrigerated box van trailer, has at least one of the following rear features:
  - (i) a hinged loading ramp,
  - (ii) a lift gate,
  - (iii) a mount for a forklift,
  - (iv) for the 2023 model year or an earlier model year, a roll-up door. (partiellement aérodynamique)
plug-in hybrid vehicle
plug-in hybrid vehicle means a hybrid vehicle that has an energy storage system that can be recharged from an electric source that is not on board the vehicle. (véhicule hybride rechargeable)
power take-off
power take-off means a secondary engine shaft or other system of a vehicle that provides substantial auxiliary power for purposes unrelated to vehicle propulsion or the functioning of customary vehicle accessories such as air conditioning, power steering and basic accessories. (prise de mouvement)
refrigerated box van trailer
refrigerated box van trailer means a box van trailer that has a self-contained heating, ventilation or air-conditioning system. (remorque fourgon frigorifique)
regional vocational vehicle
regional vocational vehicle means a vocational vehicle that has any of the characteristics of a vehicle to which the regional duty cycle is applicable under section 510 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR. (véhicule spécialisé régional)
short
short, in respect of a trailer, means not more than 15.24 metres (50 feet) in length. (courte)
sleeper cab
sleeper cab means a tractor cab that has a compartment located behind the driver’s seat that is designed to be used as a sleeping accommodation and that is accessible either from the driver’s compartment or from outside the vehicle. (cabine couchette)
spark-ignition engine
spark-ignition engine means an engine that operates under characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle and uses a spark plug or other sparking device. (moteur à allumage commandé)
static loaded radius
static loaded radius means the distance between the level surface where the vehicle is located and the axle centre measured at curb weight when the vehicle is stationary, with the wheels parallel to the vehicle’s longitudinal centre line and the tires inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended cold tire inflation pressure. (rayon sous charge statique)
steady state duty cycle
steady state duty cycle means the test cycle that is referred to in section 1362 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart N, of the CFR. (cycle de service permanent)
test group
test group, in respect of a company’s Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles, excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles, and the company’s engines referred to in section 25, means
- (a) if they are covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping for which the EPA certificate was issued; and
- (b) if they are not covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping determined in accordance with section 1827 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR. (groupe d’essai)
test weight
test weight means the vehicle weight that is used or represented during testing. (masse à l’essai)
tire pressure monitoring system
tire pressure monitoring system means a system that is installed on a vehicle or a trailer to monitor the air pressure in each tire and alert the driver when the tire pressure falls below a specified value. (système de surveillance de la pression des pneus)
tire rolling resistance level
tire rolling resistance level means the rolling resistance of a tire configuration, expressed in kilograms per tonne. (niveau de résistance au roulement du pneu)
tractor
tractor means a Class 7 or Class 8 heavy-duty vehicle that is manufactured primarily for pulling a trailer but not for carrying cargo other than cargo in the trailer. (tracteur routier)
trailer
trailer means equipment with wheels that is designed to carry cargo and be pulled by a tractor when coupled to the tractor’s fifth wheel, excluding equipment that
- (a) is less than 10.67 metres (35 feet) in length and has three axles;
- (b) has four or more axles;
- (c) has adjacent axles whose centrelines are at least 305 cm (120 inches) apart and, if the distance between the axles is adjustable, cannot be set closer together;
- (d) is intended to be used as a temporary or permanent residence or as an office or other work space; or
- (e) is designed for use in military combat or combat support. (remorque)
trailer family
trailer family, in respect of a company’s trailers, means
- (a) if they are covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping for which the EPA certificate was issued; or
- (b) if they are not covered by an EPA certificate, the trailers within a grouping referred to in section 230 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart C, of the CFR, except that a reference to “vehicle” in sections 230(b) and (d)(3) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart C, of the CFR must be read as a reference to “trailer”. (famille de remorques)
transient duty cycle
transient duty cycle means the test cycle that is referred to in section 1333 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart N, of the CFR. (cycle de service transitoire)
urban vocational vehicle
urban vocational vehicle means a vocational vehicle that has any of the characteristics of a vehicle to which the urban duty cycle is applicable under section 510 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR. (véhicule spécialisé urbain)
vehicle configuration
vehicle configuration means, in respect of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, a configuration as defined in section 1819(d)(12)(i) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR. (configuration de véhicule)
vehicle family
vehicle family, in respect of a company’s tractors or vocational vehicles, means
- (a) if they are covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping for which the EPA certificate was issued; or
- (b) if they are not covered by an EPA certificate, the grouping determined in accordance with section 230 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart C, of the CFR. (famille de véhicules)
vehicle service class
vehicle service class means any one of the following groups:
- (a) light heavy-duty vehicles;
- (b) medium heavy-duty vehicles; or
- (c) heavy heavy-duty vehicles. (classe de service)
vehicle subconfiguration
vehicle subconfiguration means, within a vehicle configuration of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, a unique combination of equivalent test weight and road load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics or parameters that may significantly affect CO₂ emissions within the vehicle configuration. (sous-configuration de véhicule)
vocational tractor
vocational tractor means any of the following tractors that are not designed primarily to operate at high and constant speeds such as on highways, or that would not benefit from efficiency improvements designed for line-haul tractors:
- (a) a low-roof tractor that is designed for local pickup and delivery;
- (b) a tractor that is designed for both on-road and off-road use, such as a tractor with a reinforced frame and increased ground clearance; or
- (c) a tractor of the 2020 model year or an earlier model year that has a GCWR of 54 431 kg (120,000 pounds) or more. (tracteur routier spécialisé)
vocational vehicle
vocational vehicle means any of the following:
- (a) a Class 4, Class 5 or Class 6 heavy-duty vehicle;
- (b) a Class 7 or Class 8 heavy-duty vehicle that is not a tractor;
- (c) a vocational tractor;
- (d) a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle that is not a cab-complete vehicle and is equipped with an engine conforming to the alternative standard referred to in section 25; or
- (e) a Class 2B or Class 3 heavy-duty vehicle that is not subject to section 1819 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR. (véhicule spécialisé)
Marginal note:CFR
(2) Standards that are incorporated by reference in these Regulations from the CFR are those expressly set out in the CFR and must be read as excluding
- (a) references to the EPA or the Administrator of the EPA exercising discretion in any way;
- (b) references to the Secretary of Transportation exercising discretion in any way;
- (c) alternative standards related to fleet averages, other averages, emission credits, small volume manufacturers or financial hardship; and
- (d) standards or evidence of conformity of any authority other than the EPA.
Marginal note:Interpretation
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference in the CFR to “carbon-related exhaust emissions” and “CREE” must be read as “CO₂ emissions”.
Marginal note:Rounding
(4) The calculations and measurements in these Regulations must be rounded in accordance with section 20(e) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1065, subpart A, of the CFR, unless otherwise provided in
- (a) these Regulations;
- (b) part 1037 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, of the CFR, for the applicable standards and test procedures in the case of trailers and heavy-duty vehicles other than those referred to in paragraph (b.1);
- (b.1) section 1819 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR, for the applicable standards and test procedures in the case of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles; or
- (c) part 1036 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, of the CFR, for the applicable standards and test procedures in the case of heavy-duty engines.
Marginal note:Useful life
(5) Unless otherwise provided in these Regulations, useful life refers to the period of time or use in respect of which an emission standard applies to, as the case may be,
- (a) Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — namely,
  - (i) for the 2020 model year and earlier model years, 11 years or 193 121 km (120,000 miles), whichever occurs first, and
  - (ii) for the 2021 model year and subsequent model years, 15 years or 241 401 km (150,000 miles), whichever occurs first;
- (b) vocational vehicles that are light heavy-duty vehicles and incomplete vocational vehicles that are to become light heavy-duty vehicles, namely,
  - (i) for the 2020 model year and earlier model years, 10 years or 177 027 km (110,000 miles), whichever occurs first, and
  - (ii) for the 2021 model year and subsequent model years, 15 years or 241 401 km (150,000 miles), whichever occurs first;
- (c) vocational vehicles that are medium heavy-duty vehicles, incomplete vocational vehicles that are to become medium heavy-duty vehicles, Class 7 tractors and incomplete tractors that are to become Class 7 tractors, namely, 10 years or 297 728 km (185,000 miles), whichever occurs first;
- (d) vocational vehicles that are heavy heavy-duty vehicles, incomplete vocational vehicles that are to become heavy heavy-duty vehicles, Class 8 tractors and incomplete tractors that are to become Class 8 tractors, namely, 10 years or 700 064 km (435,000 miles), whichever occurs first;
- (e) heavy-duty engines, namely,
  - (i) in the case of spark-ignition engines and of light heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year, 15 years or 241 401 km (150,000 miles), whichever occurs first, and
  - (ii) in any other case, the same useful life as that which is set out for the type of engine in question in section 2 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart A, of the CFR for emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO_X), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO); and
- (f) trailers, namely, 10 years.
Marginal note:Roof height — tractors
(6) Subject to subsections (7) and (8), “roof height” refers to the maximum height of a tractor, rounded to the nearest inch, excluding small accessories such as exhaust pipes and antennas, but including large accessories such as roof fairings, and measured with tires inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended cold tire inflation pressure and without occupants or cargo onboard.
Marginal note:Roof height measurement — tractors
(7) The roof height of a tractor must be measured with a static loaded radius equal to the arithmetic mean of the largest and smallest static loaded radius of the tires that are recommended for the tractor by the manufacturer.
Marginal note:Adjustable roof fairing — tractors
(8) In the case of a tractor equipped with an adjustable roof fairing, the roof height must be measured with the fairing in its lowest setting.
Marginal note:Length — trailer
(8.1) The length of a trailer corresponds to
- (a) the outer dimensions of its load-carrying structure, excluding any aerodynamic devices and any heating, ventilating or air-conditioning systems; and
- (b) in the case of a B-train trailer, the outer dimensions of its load-carrying structure, excluding its rear fifth-wheel coupling section, any aerodynamic devices and any heating, ventilating or air-conditioning systems.
Marginal note:Number of axles
(8.2) The number of axles on a vehicle or trailer includes any axles that can be used to carry the loaded or unloaded weight of the vehicle or the trailer while in motion, including lift axles.
Marginal note:Family emission limit
(9) A family emission limit and a CO₂ family certification level must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard they replace.
Marginal note:Spark-ignition engines
(10) For the purposes of these Regulations, a spark-ignition engine of the 2020 model year or an earlier model year that is regulated as a diesel engine under part 86 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, of the CFR must conform to the standards, test procedures and calculation methods applicable to a compression-ignition engine of the same model year.
Marginal note:Compression-ignition engines
(11) For the purposes of these Regulations, a compression-ignition engine of the 2020 model year or an earlier model year that is regulated as an Otto-cycle engine under part 86 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, of the CFR must conform to the standards, test procedures and calculation methods applicable to a spark-ignition engine of the same model year.
Marginal note:Various engines
(12) For the purposes of these Regulations, the following engines must conform to the standards, test procedures and calculation methods applicable to a compression-ignition engine of the same model year:
- (a) a gas turbine heavy-duty engine; and
- (b) a heavy-duty engine that is not a spark-ignition engine or compression-ignition engine.

SOR/2018-98, s. 1
SOR/2022-204, s. 3

Item	Model Year	CO₂ Emission Target (grams/mile)
	Column 1	Column 2
1	2014	(0.0482 × WF) + 371
2	2015	(0.0479 × WF) + 369
3	2016	(0.0469 × WF) + 362
4	2017	(0.0460 × WF) + 354
5	2018 to 2020	(0.0440 × WF) + 339
6	2021	(0.0429 × WF) + 331
7	2022	(0.0418 × WF) + 322
8	2023	(0.0408 × WF) + 314
9	2024	(0.0398 × WF) + 306
10	2025	(0.0388 × WF) + 299
11	2026	(0.0378 × WF) + 291
12	2027 and subsequent	(0.0369 × WF) + 284

Item	Vehicle Service Class	CO₂ Emission Standard (grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile) for 2014 to 2016 Model Years	CO₂ Emission Standard (grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile) for 2017 to 2020 Model Years
	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
1	Light heavy-duty vehicles	388	373
2	Medium heavy-duty vehicles	234	225
3	Heavy heavy-duty vehicles	226	222

Item	Type	CO₂ Emission Limit (grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile)
	Column 1	Column 2
1	Short dry box van trailer	125.4
2	Long dry box van trailer	81.3
3	Short refrigerated box van trailer	129.1
4	Long refrigerated box van trailer	83.0

Item	Type	CO₂ Emission Standard (grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile) for 2021 to 2026 Model Years	CO₂ Emission Standard (grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile) for 2027 and Subsequent Model Years
	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
1	Motor home	228	226
2	School bus	291	271
3	Coach bus	210	205
4	Other bus	300	286
5	Waste collection vehicle (see note)	313	298
6	Concrete mixer	319	316
7	Mixed-use vocational vehicle	319	316
8	Emergency vehicle	324	319

Item	Type	Maximum Tire Rolling Resistance Level (kilograms per tonne) for 2021 to 2026 Model Years	Maximum Tire Rolling Resistance Level (kilograms per tonne) for 2027 and Subsequent Model Years
	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
1	Motor home	6.7	6.0
2	Concrete mixer	7.6	7.1
3	Mixed-use vocational vehicle	7.6	7.1
4	Emergency vehicle	8.7	8.4

Interpretation

Application

Model Year

Prescribed Classes of Vehicles, Engines and Equipment

National Emissions Mark

Labelling

Vehicles Manufactured in Stages

Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards

General

Application

Engine Installed in Heavy-duty Vehicle

Heavy-duty Vehicles, Heavy-duty Engines and Trailers Covered by EPA Certificate

Emission Control Systems

Adjustable Parameters

Air-conditioning Systems

Non-box Trailers and Non-aero Box Van Trailers

Small Volume Companies

Composition of Fleets

Grouping into Fleets

Class 2B and Class 3 Heavy-duty Vehicles

N2O and CH4 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

Test Methods and Calculations

Special Grouping — Vehicles and Engines

Vocational Vehicles

Tractors

Vocational Tractors

Heavy-duty Engines

N2O and CH4 Emissions

CO2 Emissions

Trailers

CO2 Emission Credit System — Vehicles and Engines

Calculation of Credits and Deficits

Additional Credits

Averaging Sets

Early Action Credits

CO2 Emission Credit System — Full-aero Box Van Trailers

Calculation of Credits and Deficits

Averaging Sets

Reports

End of Model Year Report

Early Action Credits

Format of Reports

Documentation

Records

Evidence of Conformity

Fleet Average Emissions

Engines Sold Concurrently

Vocational Tractors

Maintenance and Submission of Records

Information Regarding Suspension or Revocation of EPA Certificate

Importation Document

Rental Rate

Application for Exemption

Defect Information

Coming into Force

N₂O and CH₄ Emissions

CO₂ Emissions

N₂O and CH₄ Emissions

CO₂ Emissions

CO₂ Emission Credit System — Vehicles and Engines

CO₂ Emission Credit System — Full-aero Box Van Trailers