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(a) subject to an agreement between Canada and one or more foreign countries respecting the obligation to hold such a visa,
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(i) as a member of a crew of a means of transportation other than a vessel or to become a member of a crew of a means of transportation other than a vessel, or
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(ii) to transit through Canada after working, or to work, as a member of a crew of a means of transportation other than a vessel, if they possess a ticket for departure from Canada within 24 hours after their arrival in Canada;
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(b) to transit through Canada as a passenger on a flight stopping in Canada for the sole purpose of refuelling and
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(i) they are in possession of the documents required in order to enter the United States and their flight is bound for that country, or
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(ii) they were lawfully admitted to the United States and their flight originated in that country;
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(b.1) to transit through Canada as a passenger on a flight that, owing to an emergency or other unforeseen circumstances, makes an unscheduled stop in Canada;
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(c) to transit through Canada as a passenger on a flight if the foreign national
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(g) to conduct inspections of the flight operation procedures or cabin safety of a commercial air carrier operating international flights, if they are a civil aviation inspector of a national aeronautical authority and possess valid documentation to that effect; or