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  1. Canadian Aviation Regulations - SOR/96-433 (Section 604.170)
    •  (1) The aircraft operation component of the training program for flight crew members shall include procedures for the normal, abnormal and emergency operation of an aircraft and its systems and components, including the following elements:

      • [...]

      • (c) the flight characteristics of the aircraft, including any abnormal characteristics that are applicable to the aircraft, such as dutch roll, buffet boundary onset and aircraft upset;

      • [...]

      • (e) flight planning and instrument flight procedures, including

        • [...]

        • (ii) precision, non-precision and missed approaches in minimum visibility conditions, with the flight director in automatic mode and in degraded states of operation, and

      • [...]

      • (n) the operation of the Flight Management Computer System (FMCS), Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS), Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS), Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) and any other specialized equipment installed in the private operator’s aircraft;

      • [...]

      • (r) the actions to be taken in the event of flight control failures and, in the case of an aircraft with split control capability, briefings on degraded states of operation while in flight and during take-off and landing;

      • [...]

      • (t) the actions to be taken in the event of engine fire and engine failure while in flight;

      • [...]

      • (v) the actions to be taken in the event of an emergency evacuation of passengers and crew;

      • (w) the actions to be taken in the event of pilot incapacitation while in flight and during take-off and landing;

      • (x) crew resource management;

      • (y) if the private operator provides the training using a flight simulator, the performance of one balked landing initiated in the low-energy regime using the same simulator;

      • [...]

      • (z.1) in the case of a three-engine or four-engine aircraft, take-off, landing and flight with the critical engine inoperative or with two other engines inoperative, including driftdown and engine-inoperative performance capabilities; and

    • (2) When the training referred to in subsection (1) is provided on board an aircraft in flight, the private operator shall have procedures to ensure that situations are simulated or presented, and actions are simulated or performed, so as to not adversely affect the safety of the aircraft, its occupants or any other person.

    [...]


  2. Canadian Aviation Regulations - SOR/96-433 (Section 602.63)
    •  (1) No person shall operate over water a single-engined aeroplane, or a multi-engined aeroplane that is unable to maintain flight with any engine failed, at more than 100 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 30 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

    • (2) Subject to subsection (3), no person shall operate over water a multi-engined aeroplane that is able to maintain flight with any engine failed at more than 200 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 60 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

    • (3) A person may operate over water a transport category aircraft that is an aeroplane, at up to 400 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 120 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site without the life rafts referred to in subsection (2) being carried on board.

    • (4) No person shall operate over water a single-engined helicopter, or a multi-engined helicopter that is unable to maintain flight with any engine failed, at more than 25 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 15 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

    • (5) No person shall operate over water a multi-engined helicopter that is able to maintain flight with any engine failed at more than 50 nautical miles, or the distance that can be covered in 30 minutes of flight at the cruising speed filed in the flight plan or flight itinerary, whichever distance is the lesser, from a suitable emergency landing site unless life rafts are carried on board and are sufficient in total rated capacity to accommodate all of the persons on board.

    • [...]

    • (7) Where a helicopter is required to carry life rafts pursuant to subsection (4) or (5), no person shall operate the helicopter over water having a temperature of less than 10oC unless

      • [...]

      • (b) a helicopter crew member transportation suit system is provided for each crew member on board; and

    • [...]

    • (9) Paragraph (7)(a) does not apply if

      • (a) the flight is necessary in order to respond to a medical emergency or any other emergency that is a threat to the safety of persons and

        • [...]

        • (ii) there is insufficient time before the flight to acquire a helicopter passenger transportation suit system of the appropriate size for each passenger, and

        • (iii) there is a crew member in the cabin for the duration of the flight who is trained to assist passengers in an emergency evacuation in the event of a landing in water and who is able to come to the assistance of passengers; or

    • (10) A passenger who is not wearing a helicopter passenger transportation suit system for a reason referred to in subparagraph (9)(a)(ii) or paragraph (9)(b) shall be provided with a life preserver and the pilot-in-command shall direct the passenger to wear the life preserver for the duration of the flight if they are physically and medically able to do so.

    [...]


  3. Canadian Aviation Regulations - SOR/96-433 (Section 602.60)
    •  (1) No person shall conduct a take-off in a power-driven aircraft, other than an ultra-light aeroplane, unless the following operational and emergency equipment is carried on board:

      • (a) a checklist or placards that enable the aircraft to be operated in accordance with limitations specified in the aircraft flight manual, aircraft operating manual, pilot operating handbook or any equivalent document provided by the manufacturer;

      • (b) all of the necessary current aeronautical charts and publications covering the route of the proposed flight and any probable diversionary route, if the aircraft is operated in VFR OTT, night VFR flight or IFR flight;

      • (c) a current database, if the aircraft is operated in IFR flight, in VFR OTT flight or in night VFR flight under Subpart 4 of Part VI or Subpart 2, 3, 4 or 5 of Part VII and database-dependent navigation equipment is used;

      • (d) current data covering the route of the proposed flight and any probable diversionary route, if the aircraft is operated in VFR OTT flight other than VFR OTT flight referred to in paragraph (c) and database-dependent navigation equipment is used;

      • (e) a hand-held fire extinguisher in the cockpit that

        • [...]

        • (iii) is readily available to each flight crew member;

      • (f) a timepiece that is readily available to each flight crew member and that displays the time in hours, minutes and seconds;

      • (g) a flashlight that is readily available to each crew member, if the aircraft is operated at night; and

    [...]


  4. Canadian Aviation Regulations - SOR/96-433 (Section 401.08)
    •  (1) Every applicant for, and every holder of, a flight crew permit, licence or rating shall maintain a personal log in accordance with subsection (2) and with the personnel licensing standards for the documentation of

      • (a) experience acquired in respect of the issuance of the flight crew permit, licence or rating; and

    • (2) A personal log that is maintained for the purposes referred to in paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) shall contain the holder’s name and the following information in respect of each flight:

      • (a) the date of the flight;

      • [...]

      • (c) the flight crew position in which the holder acted;

      • (d) the flight conditions with respect to day, night, VFR and IFR;

      • (e) in the case of a flight in an aeroplane or helicopter, the place of departure and the place of arrival;

      • (f) in the case of a flight in an aeroplane, all of the intermediate take-offs and landings;

      • (g) the flight time;

      • (h) in the case of a flight in a glider, the method of launch used for the flight; and

      • (i) in the case of a flight in a balloon, the method of inflation used for the flight.

    [...]


  5. Canadian Aviation Regulations - SOR/96-433 (Section 400.01)
    •  (1) In this Part,

      dual instruction flight time

      dual instruction flight time  means the flight time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a person qualified in accordance with section 425.21 of Standard 425 — Flight Training; (temps d’instruction de vol en double commande)

      employed on a full-time basis

      employed on a full-time basis means working for a flight training unit on a continuous basis for at least the number of hours required to carry out the duties of the position intended to ensure the safe operation of the flight training service; (employé à temps plein)

      flight following

      flight following [Repealed, SOR/2014-131, s. 8]

      flight instructor experience

      flight instructor experience with respect to the experience requirements for a flight instructor rating for an aeroplane or helicopter, means the flight time accumulated in an aeroplane or helicopter

      • (a) by a holder of a flight instructor rating while providing dual flight instruction to applicants for

        • [...]

        • (iii) a night rating, VFR OTT rating, flight instructor rating — aeroplane, flight instructor rating — helicopter or flight instructor rating — aeroplane — aerobatic,

      • (b) by a holder of a foreign flight instructor rating issued by a contracting state, while providing dual flight instruction to an applicant for a permit, licence or rating equivalent to one of those referred to in paragraph (a), and

      • (c) by a Canadian Armed Forces qualified flying instructor while providing dual flight instruction to persons undergoing initial flight training in the Canadian Armed Forces; (expérience d’instructeur de vol)

      flight watch

      flight watch [Repealed, SOR/2014-131, s. 8]

      high-performance aeroplane

      high-performance aeroplane , with respect to a rating, means

      • (a) an aeroplane that is specified in the minimum flight crew document as requiring only one pilot and that has a maximum speed (Vne) of 250 KIAS or greater or a stall speed (Vso) of 80 KIAS or greater, or

      integrated course

      integrated course means a course of pilot training developed using the principles of instructional systems design, in which all instructional stages are completed as one continuous course and the flight training elements are interrelated and sequenced to provide for the efficient achievement of the learning objectives; (cours intégré)

      main base

      main base means a location at which a flight training unit has personnel, aircraft and facilities for the operation of a flight training service and that is established as the principal place of business of the flight training unit; (base principale)

      minimum flight crew document

      minimum flight crew document  means a document, issued by the Minister, a contracting state or an aircraft manufacturer, that relates to an aircraft and that specifies the number of pilots required to operate the aircraft; (document relatif à l’équipage de conduite minimal)

      operational control

      operational control means the exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight; (contrôle d’exploitation)

      operations specifications

      operations specifications , in respect of a flight training unit, means the operations specifications set out in a flight training unit operator certificate, and includes any amendment to the conditions of operation; (spécifications d’exploitation)

      pre-flight briefing

      pre-flight briefing means a one-to-one practical briefing that is conducted just prior to a training flight for the purpose of ensuring that the trainee understands exactly what will take place during the flight; (exposé avant vol)

      preparatory ground instruction

      preparatory ground instruction means classroom-type instruction, generally on a one-to-one basis but not excluding group instruction, that is based on lesson plans contained in or developed from the applicable flight instructor guide; (instruction au sol avant vol)

      satellite base

      satellite base means a location at which a flight training unit has personnel, aircraft and facilities for the operation of a flight training service on a temporary basis; (base satellite)

      solo flight time

      solo flight time means, with respect to the flight time necessary to acquire a permit, licence or rating,

      • (a) in the case of a pilot, the flight time during which the pilot is the sole flight crew member, and

      • (b) in the case of a student pilot permit holder, the flight time during which the holder is the sole occupant of an aircraft while under the direction and supervision of the holder of an instructor rating for the appropriate category of aircraft; (temps de vol en solo)

      sub-base

      sub-base means a location at which a flight training unit positions aircraft and personnel and from which operational control is exercised in accordance with the flight training operations manual and operational control system; (base secondaire)

      training flight

      training flight means a dual instruction flight or a solo practice flight that is conducted under the direction and supervision of a flight instructor; (vol d’entraînement)

    [...]



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