Privileges and Immunities (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) Act

Agreement on the status of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, National Representatives and International Staff

The States signatory to the present Agreement,

Considering that for the exercise of their functions and the fulfilment of their purposes it is necessary that the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, its international staff and the representatives of Member States attending meetings thereof should have the status set out hereunder,

Have agreed as follows:

PART I
General

Article 1

In the present Agreement,

• (a) the Organisation means the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation consisting of the Council and its subsidiary bodies;

• (b) the Council means the Council established under Article 9 of the North Atlantic Treaty and the Council Deputies;

• (c) subsidiary bodies means any organ, committee or service established by the Council or under its authority, except those to which, in accordance with Article 2, this Agreement does not apply;

• (d) Chairman of the Council Deputies includes, in his absence, the Vice-Chairman acting for him.

Article 2

The present Agreement shall not apply to any military headquarters established in pursuance of the North Atlantic Treaty nor, unless the Council decides otherwise, to any other military bodies.

Article 3

The Organisation and Member States shall co-operate at all times to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connexion with the immunities and privileges set out in the present Agreement. If any Member State considers that there has been an abuse of any immunity or privilege conferred by this Agreement, consultations shall be held between that State and the Organisation, or between the States concerned, to determine whether any such abuse has occurred, and, if so, to attempt to ensure that no repetition occurs. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provisions of this Agreement, a Member State which considers that any person has abused his privilege of residence or any other privilege or immunity granted to him under this Agreement may require him to leave its territory.

PART II
The Organisation

Article 4

The Organisation shall possess juridical personality; it shall have the capacity to conclude contracts, to acquire and dispose of movable and immovable property and to institute legal proceedings.

Article 5

The Organisation, its property and assets, wheresoever located and by whomsoever held, shall enjoy immunity from every form of legal process except in so far as in any particular case the Chairman of the Council Deputies, acting on behalf of the Organisation, may expressly authorize the waiver of this immunity. It is, however, understood that no waiver of immunity shall extend to any measure of execution or detention of property.

Article 6

The premises of the Organisation shall be inviolable. Its property and assets, wheresoever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation or any other form of interference.

Article 7

The archives of the Organisation and all documents belonging to it or held by it shall be inviolable, wherever located.

Article 8

• 1 Without being restricted by financial controls, regulations or moratoria of any kind,

  • (a) the Organisation may hold currency of any kind and operate accounts in any currency;

  • (b) the Organisation may freely transfer its funds from one country to another or within any country and convert any currency held by it into any other currency at the most favourable official rate of exchange for a sale or purchase as the case may be.

• 2 In exercising its rights under paragraph 1 above, the Organisation shall pay due regard to any representations made by any Member State and shall give effect to such representations in so far as it is practicable to do so.

Article 9

The Organisation, its assets, income and other property shall be exempt:

• (a) from all direct taxes; the Organisation will not, however, claim exemption from rates, taxes or dues which are no more than charges for public utility services;

• (b) from all customs duties and quantitative restrictions on imports and exports in respect of articles imported or exported by the Organisation for its official use; articles imported under such exemption shall not be disposed of, by way either of sale or gift, in the country into which they are imported except under conditions approved by the Government of that country;

• (c) from all customs duties and quantitative restrictions on imports and exports in respect of its publications.

Article 10

While the Organisation will not as a general rule claim exemption from excise duties and from taxes on the sale of movable and immovable property which form part of the price to be paid, nevertheless, when the Organisation is making important purchases for official use of property on which such duties and taxes have been charged or are chargeable, Member States will whenever possible make the appropriate administrative arrangements for the remission or return of the amount of duty or tax.

Article 11

• 1 No censorship shall be applied to the official correspondence and other official communications of the Organisation.

• 2 The Organisation shall have the right to use codes and to despatch and receive correspondence by courier or in sealed bags, which shall have the same immunities and privileges as diplomatic couriers and bags.

• 3 Nothing in this Article shall be construed to preclude the adoption of appropriate security precautions to be determined by agreement between a Member State and the Council acting on behalf of the Organisation.

PART III
Representatives of Member States

Article 12

Every person designated by a Member State as its principal permanent representative to the Organisation in the territory of another Member State, and such members of his official staff resident in that territory as may be agreed between the State which has designated them and the Organisation and between the Organisation and the State in which they will be resident, shall enjoy the immunities and privileges accorded to diplomatic representatives and their official staff of comparable rank.

Article 13

• 1 Any representative of a Member State to the Council or any of its subsidiary bodies who is not covered by Article 12 shall, while present in the territory of another Member State for the discharge of his duties, enjoy the following privileges and immunities:

  • (a) the same immunity from personal arrest or detention as that accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank;

  • (b) in respect of words spoken or written and of acts done by him in his official capacity, immunity from legal process;

  • (c) inviolability for all papers and documents;

  • (d) the right to use codes and to receive and send papers or correspondence by courier or in sealed bags;

  • (e) the same exemption in respect of himself and his spouse from immigration restrictions, aliens registration and national service obligations as that accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank;

  • (f) the same facilities in respect of currency or exchange restrictions as are accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank;

  • (g) the same immunities and facilities in respect of his personal baggage as are accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank;

  • (h) the right to import free of duty his furniture and effects at the time of first arrival to take up his post in the country in question, and, on the termination of his functions in that country, to re-export such furniture and effects free of duty, subject in either case to such conditions as the Government of the country in which the right is being exercised may deem necessary;

  • (i) the right to import temporarily free of duty his private motor vehicle for his own personal use and subsequently to re-export such vehicle free of duty, subject in either case to such conditions as the Government of the country concerned may deem necessary.

• 2 Where the legal incidence of any form of taxation depends upon residence, a period during which a representative to whom this Article applies is present in the territory of another Member State for the discharge of his duties shall not be considered as a period of residence. In particular, he shall be exempt from taxation on his official salary and emoluments during such periods of duty.

• 3 In this Article “representative” shall be deemed to include all representatives, advisers and technical experts of delegations. Each Member State shall communicate to the other Member States concerned, if they so request, the names of its representatives to whom this Article applies and the probable duration of their stay in the territories of such other Member States.

Article 14

Official clerical staff accompanying a representative of a Member State who are not covered by Articles 12 or 13 shall, while present in the territory of another Member State for the discharge of their duties, be accorded the privileges and immunities set out in paragraph 1 (b), (c), (e), (f), (h) and (i) and paragraph 2 of Article 13.

Article 15

Privileges and immunities are accorded to the representatives of Member States and their staffs not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves, but in order to safeguard the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the North Atlantic Treaty. Consequently, a Member State not only has the right, but is under a duty to waive the immunity of its representatives and members of their staffs in any case where, in its opinion, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the purposes for which the immunity is accorded.

Article 16

The provisions of Articles 12 to 14 above shall not require any State to grant any of the privileges or immunities referred to therein to any person who is its national or to any person as its representative or as a member of the staff of such representative.

PART IV
International Staff and Experts on Missions for the Organisation

Article 17

The categories of officials of the Organisation to which Articles 18 to 20 apply shall be agreed between the Chairman of the Council Deputies and each of the Member States concerned. The Chairman of the Council Deputies shall communicate to the Member States the names of the officials included in these categories.

Article 18

Officials of the Organisation agreed upon under Article 17 shall:

• (a) be immune from legal process in respect of words spoken or written and of acts done by them in their official capacity and within the limits of their authority;

• (b) be granted, together with their spouses and members of their immediate families residing with and dependent on them, the same immunities from immigration restrictions and aliens registration as is accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank;

• (c) be accorded the same facilities in respect of currency or exchange restrictions as are accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank;

• (d) be given, together with their spouses and members of their immediate families residing with and dependent on them, the same repatriation facilities in time of international crisis as are accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank;

• (e) have the right to import free of duty their furniture and effects at the time of first arrival to take up their post in the country in question, and, on the termination of their functions in that country, to re-export such furniture and effects free of duty, subject in either case to such conditions as the Government of the country in which the right is being exercised may deem necessary;

• (f) have the right to import temporarily free of duty their private motor vehicles for their own personal use and subsequently to re-export such vehicles free of duty, subject in either case to such conditions as the Government of the country concerned may deem necessary.

Article 19

Officials of the Organisation agreed upon under Article 17 shall be exempt from taxation on the salaries and emoluments paid to them by the Organisation in their capacity as such officials. Any Member State may, however, conclude an arrangement with the Council acting on behalf of the Organisation whereby such Member State will employ and assign to the Organisation all of its nationals (except, if such Member State so desires, any not ordinarily resident within its territory) who are to serve on the international staff of the Organisation and pay the salaries and emoluments of such persons from its own funds at a scale fixed by it. The salaries and emoluments so paid may be taxed by such Member State but shall be exempt from taxation by any other Member State. If such an arrangement is entered into by any Member State and is subsequently modified or terminated, Member States shall no longer be bound under the first sentence of this Article to exempt from taxation the salaries and emoluments paid to their nationals.

Article 20

In addition to the immunities and privileges specified in Articles 18 and 19, the Executive Secretary of the Organisation, the Coordinator of North Atlantic Defence Production, and such other permanent officials of similar rank as may be agreed between the Chairman of the Council Deputies and the Governments of Member States, shall be accorded the privileges and immunities normally accorded to diplomatic personnel of comparable rank.

Article 21

• 1 Experts (other than officials coming within the scope of Articles 18 to 20) employed on missions on behalf of the Organisation shall be accorded the following privileges and immunities so far as is necessary for the effective exercise of their functions while present in the territory of a Member State for the discharge of their duties:

  • (a) immunity from personal arrest or detention and from seizure of their personal baggage;

  • (b) in respect of words spoken or written or acts done by them in the performance of their official functions for the Organisation, immunity from legal process;

  • (c) the same facilities in respect of currency or exchange restrictions and in respect of their personal baggage as are accorded to officials of foreign Governments on temporary official missions;

  • (d) inviolability for all papers and documents relating to the work on which they are engaged for the Organisation.

• 2 The Chairman of the Council Deputies shall communicate to the Member States concerned the names of any experts to whom this Article applies.

Article 22

Privileges and immunities are granted to officials and experts in the interests of the Organisation and not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves. The Chairman of the Council Deputies shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any official or expert in any case where, in his opinion, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the Organisation.

Article 23

The provisions of Articles 18, 20 and 21 above shall not require any State to grant any of the privileges or immunities referred to therein to any person who is its national, except:

• (a) immunity from legal process in respect of words spoken or written or acts done by him in the performance of his official functions for the Organisation;

• (b) inviolability for all papers and documents relating to the work on which he is engaged for the Organisation;

• (c) facilities in respect of currency or exchange restrictions so far as necessary for the effective exercise of his functions.

PART V
Settlement of Disputes

Article 24

The Council shall make provision for appropriate modes of settlement of:

• (a) disputes arising out of contracts or other disputes of a private character to which the Organisation is a party;

• (b) disputes involving any official or expert of the Organisation to whom Part IV of this Agreement applies who by reason of his official position enjoys immunity, if immunity has not been waived in accordance with the provisions of Article 22.

PART VI
Supplementary Agreements

Article 25

The Council acting on behalf of the Organisation may conclude with any Member State or States supplementary agreements modifying the provisions of the present Agreement, so far as that State or those States are concerned.

PART VII
Final Provisions

Article 26

• 1 The present Agreement shall be open for signature by Member States of the Organisation and shall be subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America, which will notify all signatory States of each such deposit.

• 2 As soon as six signatory States have deposited their instruments of ratification, the present Agreement shall come into force in respect of those States. It shall come into force in respect of each other signatory State, on the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification.

Article 27

The present Agreement may be denounced by any Contracting State by giving written notification of denunciation to the Government of the United States of America, which will notify all signatory States of each such notification. The denunciation shall take effect one year after the receipt of the notification by the Government of the United States of America.

In witness whereof the undersigned plenipotentiaries have signed the present Agreement.

Done in Ottawa this twentieth day of September, 1951, in French and in English, both texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America which will transmit a certified copy to each of the signatory States.

[Here follow the signatures on behalf of the Governments of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal*, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America.]

[*Reserving the non application of Article 6 in case of expropriation.]