Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations (SOR/2013-24)

Grouping into Fleets

Marginal note:Election applicable to all vehicles and engines

19 If a company makes the election referred to in subsection 22(4), 26(7), 27(8) or 33(1) for a fleet of heavy-duty vehicles or heavy-duty engines that it manufactures or imports, that election applies to all the vehicles and engines of that fleet.

Class 2B and Class 3 Heavy-duty Vehicles

N₂O and CH₄ Emissions

Marginal note:Standards

• 20 (1) For the 2014 model year and subsequent model years, every Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicle and cab-complete vehicle that is not a vocational vehicle or incomplete vocational vehicle must, for the duration of its useful life, have N₂O and CH₄ emission values that do not exceed 0.05 g/mile.

• Marginal note:Calculation

  (2) The N₂O and CH₄ emission values must be calculated in accordance with section 24.

• Marginal note:Fleet calculation

  (3) A company that manufactures or imports vehicles referred to in subsection (1) whose N₂O emission value or CH₄ emission value exceeds the emission standard set out in that subsection must group those vehicles of a given model year into a fleet and, if applicable, subfleets in accordance with section 18 and must calculate the N₂O or CH₄ emission deficit, as the case may be, for that fleet or each of those subfleets, expressed in megagrams of CO₂, using the formula

  ((A – B) × C × D × E) ÷ (1 000 000)

  where

  A

  is 0.05 g/mile;

  B

  is the N₂O or CH₄ family emission limit for the fleet or subfleet, as the case may be, expressed in g/mile;

  C

  is the number of vehicles in the fleet or subfleet, as the case may be;

  D

  is the vehicle’s useful life, expressed in miles; and

  E

  is the global warming potential and is equal to the following number of CO₂ emission credits, expressed in megagrams of CO₂, needed to offset a deficit of N₂O or CH₄:

  • (a) for each megagram of N₂O, 298, and

  • (b) for each megagram of CH₄,

    • (i) for the 2020 model year and earlier model years, 25, and

    • (ii) for the 2021 model year and subsequent model years, 34.

• Marginal note:Separate calculation

  (3.1) For the purposes of subsection (3), if both the N₂O emission value and the CH₄ emission value exceed 0.05 g/mile, the N₂O and CH₄ emission deficits must be calculated separately.

• Marginal note:Family emission limit

  (4) For the purposes of subsection (3), every vehicle within a fleet or subfleet must conform to the N₂O or CH₄ family emission limit for the fleet or subfleet, as the case may be.

• Marginal note:Offsetting deficit

  (5) The deficit calculated under subsection (3) must be offset by using the CO₂ emission credits obtained in accordance with sections 34 to 47 for the averaging set in which the fleet is included.

• Marginal note:No credits

  (6) For greater certainty, the company must not obtain CO₂ emission credits with respect to N₂O and CH₄ emissions for the purpose of participation in the CO₂ emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47.

CO₂ Emissions

Marginal note:Average standard

• 21 (1) For the 2014 model year and subsequent model years, a company must group all of its Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — into a fleet based on model year in accordance with section 18 and must ensure that the fleet average CO₂ emission value calculated in accordance with section 23 for that fleet does not exceed the applicable fleet average CO₂ emission standard calculated in accordance with section 22 for the useful life of the vehicles of that fleet.

• Marginal note:Offsetting deficit

  (2) When a company incurs a deficit based on the calculation referred to in subsection (1), it must offset the deficit by using the CO₂ emission credits obtained in accordance with sections 34 to 47 for the averaging set in which the fleet is included.

Marginal note:Calculation of average standard

• 22 (1) Subject to subsection (6), a company must calculate the fleet average CO₂ emission standard for a given model year, expressed in grams of CO₂ per mile and rounded to the nearest gram of CO₂ per mile, for its fleet of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — using the formula

  (Σ (A × B)) ÷ C

  where

  A

  is the CO₂ emission target value calculated for each vehicle subconfiguration in the fleet using the applicable formula set out in subsection (2) and rounded to the nearest gram of CO₂ per mile;

  B

  is the number of vehicles of that vehicle subconfiguration in the fleet; and

  C

  is the number of vehicles in the fleet.

• Marginal note:Vehicle subconfiguration

  (2) Subject to subsection (4), the CO₂ emission target value for each vehicle subconfiguration in a fleet must be calculated using the applicable formula set out in one of the following paragraphs:

  • (a) for vehicles that are equipped with a spark-ignition engine, the formula set out in column 2 of the table to this paragraph for the model year set out in column 1, where WF is the work factor for each vehicle subconfiguration, calculated using the formula set out in subsection (3) and rounded to the nearest pound;

    	Column 1	Column 2
    Item	Model Year	CO2 Emission Target (grams/mile)
    1	2014	(0.0482 × WF) + 371
    2	2015	(0.0479 × WF) + 369
    3	2016	(0.0469 × WF) + 362
    4	2017	(0.0460 × WF) + 354
    5	2018 to 2020	(0.0440 × WF) + 339
    6	2021	(0.0429 × WF) + 331
    7	2022	(0.0418 × WF) + 322
    8	2023	(0.0408 × WF) + 314
    9	2024	(0.0398 × WF) + 306
    10	2025	(0.0388 × WF) + 299
    11	2026	(0.0378 × WF) + 291
    12	2027 and subsequent	(0.0369 × WF) + 284

  • (b) for vehicles that are equipped with a compression-ignition engine or that operate without an internal combustion engine, the formula set out in column 2 of the table to this paragraph for the model year set out in column 1, where WF is the work factor for each vehicle subconfiguration, calculated using the formula set out in subsection (3) and rounded to the nearest pound.

    	Column 1	Column 2
    Item	Model Year	CO2 Emission Target (grams/mile)
    1	2014	(0.0478 × WF) + 368
    2	2015	(0.0474 × WF) + 366
    3	2016	(0.0460 × WF) + 354
    4	2017	(0.0445 × WF) + 343
    5	2018 to 2020	(0.0416 × WF) + 320
    6	2021	(0.0406 × WF) + 312
    7	2022	(0.0395 × WF) + 304
    8	2023	(0.0386 × WF) + 297
    9	2024	(0.0376 × WF) + 289
    10	2025	(0.0367 × WF) + 282
    11	2026	(0.0357 × WF) + 275
    12	2027 and subsequent	(0.0348 × WF) + 268

• Marginal note:Work factor

  (3) The work factor for each vehicle subconfiguration is calculated using the formula

  0.75 × (GVWR – curb weight + xwd) + 0.25 × (GCWR – GVWR)

  where

  GVWR

  is the GVWR as defined in subsection 1(1), expressed in pounds;

  curb weight

  is the curb weight as defined in subsection 1(1), expressed in pounds;

  xwd

  is 500 pounds if the vehicle has four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive and is 0 pounds for all other vehicles; and

  GCWR

  is the GCWR as defined in subsection 1(1), expressed in pounds.

• Marginal note:Alternative target value calculation — 2016 to 2018 model years

  (4) For vehicles of the 2016 to 2018 model years, a company may, instead of calculating the CO₂ emission target value in accordance with subsection (2), elect to calculate that target value for each of those model years using the formula set out in either of the following paragraphs, whichever applies:

  • (a) for vehicles that are equipped with a spark-ignition engine,

    (0.0456 × WF) + 352

    where

    WF

    is the work factor for each vehicle subconfiguration, calculated using the formula set out in subsection (3) and rounded to the nearest pound;

  • (b) for vehicles that are equipped with a compression-ignition engine or that operate without an internal combustion engine,

    (0.0440 × WF) + 339

    where

    WF

    is the work factor for each vehicle subconfiguration, calculated using the formula set out in subsection (3) and rounded to the nearest pound.

• (5) [Repealed, SOR/2018-98, s. 24]

• Marginal note:Grouping subconfigurations into configurations

  (6) A company may group vehicle subconfigurations of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — within a vehicle configuration for the purpose of calculating the fleet average CO₂ emission standard if

  • (a) the vehicles of each subconfiguration have the same test weight, GVWR and GCWR, and the work factor and target value are calculated assuming a curb weight equal to two times the test weight minus the GVWR; or

  • (b) the lowest target value of a vehicle subconfiguration is used for all vehicle subconfigurations.

Marginal note:Calculation of average values

• 23 (1) A company must calculate the fleet average CO₂ emission value for a given model year, expressed in grams of CO₂ per mile for its fleet of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — by using the formula

  (Σ (A × B)) ÷ C

  where

  A

  is the CO₂ emission value for each vehicle configuration calculated in accordance with section 24 and taking into account subsection (2);

  B

  is the number of vehicles of that vehicle configuration in the fleet; and

  C

  is the number of vehicles in the fleet used for the purposes of subsection (2).

• Marginal note:Representative data

  (2) When a company calculates the fleet average CO₂ emission value in accordance with this section, it must use the data and values from one or more vehicle configurations that represent at least 90% of its number of vehicles for the fleet.

Test Methods and Calculations

Marginal note:General

• 24 (1) The N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂ emission values for Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles and the vehicles referred to in subsection (2) — must be determined in accordance with subsection (3) or (4), as the case may be, and

  • (a) using

    • (i) the test procedures, fuels and calculation methods set out for the FTP-based city test and the HFET-based highway test, and

    • (ii) the adjusted loaded vehicle weight and the deterioration factors determined using the durability procedures and method prescribed in section 1823(m) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR; and

  • (b) taking into account

    • (i) sections 1819(d)(4) and (5) and 1819(k)(6) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR, and

    • (ii) the altitude testing conditions set out in sections 1819(a)(5) and 1865(h)(3) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR.

• Marginal note:Electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles

  (2) In the case of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — that are electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles, the N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂ emission values are considered to be 0 grams per mile.

• Marginal note:Multi-fuel, dual fuel or flexible fuel

  (3) In the case of Class 2B or Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — that are designed to operate on two or more different fuel types, either separately or simultaneously, the N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂ emission values for a given vehicle or vehicle configuration, as the case may be, must be determined using

  • (a) in the case of N₂O and CH₄ emissions, the highest of the following averages:

    • (i) the arithmetic average of the FTP-based city test and HFET-based highway test emission values, determined in accordance with this section, for that vehicle configuration, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, tested on gasoline or diesel fuel, and

    • (ii) the arithmetic average of the FTP-based city test and HFET-based highway test emission values, determined in accordance with this section, for that vehicle configuration, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, tested on the alternative fuel; and

  • (b) in the case of CO₂ emissions, the formula

    (F × A) + ((1 – F) × B)

    where

    F

    is 0.00 unless the company provides the Minister with evidence demonstrating that an alternative value determined for F is more representative for that vehicle configuration,

    A

    is the arithmetic average of the FTP-based city test and HFET-based highway test emission values, determined in accordance with this section, for that vehicle configuration, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, tested on the alternative fuel, and

    B

    is the arithmetic average of the FTP-based city test and HFET-based highway test emission values, determined in accordance with this section, for that vehicle configuration, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, tested on gasoline or diesel fuel.

• Marginal note:Other cases

  (4) In the case of other Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those that are vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles — the N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂ emission values must be determined as follows:

  • (a) in the case of N₂O and CH₄ emissions, by calculating the arithmetic average of the FTP-based city test and HFET-based highway test emission values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively; and

  • (b) in the case of CO₂ emissions,

    • (i) by making the calculation set out in paragraph (a), or

    • (ii) by calculating the CO₂ emission rate in accordance with section 1819(g) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR.