Canadian Aviation Regulations (SOR/96-433)

Aircraft Familiarization

405.22 No person shall conduct flight training in an aircraft unless the person is familiar with the flight characteristics, operating limitations and operational performance data specified in the aircraft flight manual or equivalent document.

Training Aircraft Requirements

405.23 No person shall operate a training aircraft unless the aircraft meets the personnel licensing standards.

Flight Training at Aerodrome

405.24 No person shall operate a training aircraft at an aerodrome unless the aerodrome is suitable for the aircraft

• (a) to be safely operated within the operating limitations and operational performance data specified in the aircraft flight manual or equivalent document

  • (i) allowing for the actual aircraft weight and existing air temperature and wind conditions,

  • (ii) with the power plant operation and landing gear and flap operation, if applicable, recommended by the manufacturer, and

  • (iii) with smooth transition from take-off to the best rate-of-climb speed using normal piloting skills; and

• (b) in the case of a helicopter, to carry out normal transitions from the hover to forward flight and from forward flight to the hover.

[405.25 to 405.30 reserved]

Division IV — Flight Training Operations

Training Flight Briefings

405.31 No person shall commence a training flight unless the trainee has received from the flight instructor

• (a) a pre-flight briefing; and

• (b) where new flight exercises are to be conducted during the flight, preparatory ground instruction.

Authorization of Training Flight

405.32 Before the commencement of a training flight, the flight instructor who will conduct or supervise the training shall

• (a) authorize the training flight; and

• (b) receive an acknowledgement of that authorization from the trainee.

Pilot Training Record

• 405.33 (1) A person who conducts flight training for the issuance of a private pilot licence, a commercial pilot licence or a flight instructor rating — aeroplane or helicopter shall, for each trainee, maintain a pilot training record that meets the personnel licensing standards.

• (2) On request from a trainee receiving training for the purposes referred to in subsection (1), the person responsible for maintaining the trainee’s pilot training record shall

  • (a) certify the accuracy of the entries; and

  • (b) provide the trainee with the record.

• (3) When a trainee has completed flight training, including all of the tests and written examinations required pursuant to Subpart 1, the person who conducted the flight training shall forward the trainee’s pilot training record to the Minister.

[405.34 to 405.40 reserved]

Subpart 6 — Flight Training Units

Division I — General

Interpretation

• 406.01 (1) In this Subpart, Personnel Licensing and Training Standards respecting Flight Training Units means a publication concerning flight training units.

• (2) Any reference in this Subpart to the personnel licensing standards is a reference to Standard 426 – Personnel Licensing and Training – Flight Training Units.

Application

406.02 This Subpart applies in respect of the operation of an aeroplane, helicopter, glider, balloon, gyroplane or ultra-light aeroplane in a flight training service toward obtaining any of the following:

• (a) for aeroplanes,

  • (i) a private pilot licence,

  • (ii) a commercial pilot licence,

  • (iii) a landplane or seaplane rating,

  • (iv) a flight instructor rating,

  • (v) a flight instructor rating — aerobatic,

  • (vi) an instrument rating,

  • (vii) a multi-engine class rating,

  • (viii) a night rating,

  • (ix) a VFR over-the-top rating,

  • (x) a pilot permit — recreational, or

  • (xi) experience in aerobatic manoeuvres;

• (b) for helicopters,

  • (i) a private pilot licence,

  • (ii) a commercial pilot licence,

  • (iii) a flight instructor rating,

  • (iv) an instrument rating,

  • (v) a night rating,

  • (vi) a VFR over-the-top rating, or

  • (vii) a pilot permit — recreational;

• (c) for gliders,

  • (i) a pilot licence,

  • (ii) a flight instructor rating,

  • (iii) a flight instructor rating — aerobatic, or

  • (iv) experience in aerobatic manoeuvres;

• (d) for balloons,

  • (i) a pilot licence,

  • (ii) a flight instructor rating, or

  • (iii) a night rating;

• (e) for gyroplanes,

  • (i) a pilot permit,

  • (ii) a flight instructor rating, or

  • (iii) a night rating; and

• (f) for ultra-light aeroplanes,

  • (i) a pilot permit,

  • (ii) a flight instructor rating, or

  • (iii) a passenger-carrying rating.

Requirement to Hold a Flight Training Unit Operator Certificate

• 406.03 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), no person shall operate a flight training service in Canada using an aeroplane or helicopter in Canada unless the person holds a flight training unit operator certificate that authorizes the person to operate the service and complies with the conditions and operations specifications set out in the certificate.

• (2) A person who does not hold a flight training unit operator certificate may operate a flight training service if

  • (a) the person holds a private operator registration document or an air operator certificate, the aircraft used for training — in the case of the holder of an air operator certificate — is specified in the air operator certificate, and the training is other than toward obtaining a pilot permit — recreational, a private pilot licence, a commercial pilot licence or a flight instructor rating; or

  • (b) the trainee is

    • (i) the owner, or a member of the family of the owner, of the aircraft used for training,

    • (ii) a director of a corporation that owns the aircraft used for training, and the training is other than toward obtaining a pilot permit — recreational or a private pilot licence, or

    • (iii) using an aircraft that has been obtained from a person who is at arm’s length from the flight instructor, and the training is other than toward obtaining a pilot permit — recreational or a private pilot licence.

• (3) In the case of flight training conducted under subparagraph (2)(b)(iii), the flight instructor shall

  • (a) notify the Minister in writing of

    • (i) the name and address of the person to receive the training,

    • (ii) the registration of the aircraft to be used,

    • (iii) the type of training to be conducted,

    • (iv) the location of the training operations, and

    • (v) the name and licence number of the flight instructor; and

  • (b) provide the information to the Minister

    • (i) prior to commencing training operations,

    • (ii) within 10 working days after any change to the information, and

    • (iii) when the training is discontinued.

Eligibility to Hold a Flight Training Unit Operator Certificate

406.04 A person is eligible to hold a flight training unit operator certificate if the person is

• (a) a Canadian; or

• (b) a citizen, permanent resident or corporation of the United States of America or Mexico.

Notification Requirement

• 406.05 (1) No person shall operate a flight training unit using a glider, balloon, gyroplane or ultra-light aeroplane in Canada unless the person notifies the Minister in writing of

  • (a) the legal name, trade name and address of the operator of the flight training unit;

  • (b) the base of operations;

  • (c) the category of aircraft;

  • (d) the type of flight training to be conducted; and

  • (e) the name of the flight instructor who will be responsible for operational control of the flight training operations.

• (2) The information referred to in subsection (1) shall be provided to the Minister by the flight training unit

  • (a) prior to commencing flight training operations;

  • (b) within 10 working days after any change in the information; and

  • (c) upon the service being discontinued.

[406.06 to 406.10 reserved]

Division II — Certification

Issuance or Amendment of a Flight Training Unit Operator Certificate

• 406.11 (1) Subject to section 6.71 of the Act, the Minister shall, on receipt of an application submitted in the form and manner specified in the personnel licensing standards, issue or amend a flight training unit operator certificate where the applicant demonstrates to the Minister the ability to

  • (a) maintain an adequate organizational structure;

  • (b) maintain operational control;

  • (c) comply with maintenance requirements;

  • (d) meet the personnel licensing standards; and

  • (e) conduct the operation safely.

• (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), an applicant shall have

  • (a) a management organization capable of exercising operational control;

  • (b) managerial personnel who are employed on a full-time basis and who perform the duties related to the following positions:

    • (i) chief flight instructor,

    • (ii) flight instructor,

    • (iii) ground instructor, and

    • (iv) if the applicant does not hold an approved maintenance organization certificate, a maintenance manager;

  • (c) aircraft that are properly equipped for and flight crew members who are qualified for the type of flight training that is being conducted;

  • (d) an operational control system that meets the requirements of section 406.50;

  • (e) a training program that meets the requirements of this Subpart;

  • (f) legal custody and control of at least one aircraft or, in the case of an applicant for a flight training unit operator certificate who conducts an integrated course, one aircraft of each class of aircraft that is to be operated;

  • (g) in the case of an applicant for a flight training unit operator certificate who conducts an integrated course or who operates a sub-base, a flight training operations manual that meets the requirements of section 406.61 and, in the case of an applicant who conducts an integrated course, a training manual that meets the requirements of section 406.62; and

  • (h) a maintenance control system approved under this Subpart.

Contents of a Flight Training Unit Operator Certificate

406.12 A flight training unit operator certificate shall contain the following information:

• (a) the legal name, trade name and address of the flight training unit;

• (b) the number of the certificate;

• (c) the effective date of certification;

• (d) the date of issue of the certificate;

• (e) the general conditions identified in section 406.13;

• (f) specific conditions with respect to

  • (i) the main base and, if applicable, for flight training units conducting training in accordance with a flight training operations manual, sub-bases,

  • (ii) the class and type of aeroplane or the type of helicopter, and

  • (iii) the type of training authorized; and

• (g) where the flight training unit complies with the personnel licensing standards, operations specifications with respect to

  • (i) in the case of a flight training unit that operates aeroplanes or helicopters, the conduct of flight training operations on a temporary basis at a satellite base, and

  • (ii) any other condition pertaining to the operation that the Minister deems necessary for aviation safety.