Canadian Aviation Regulations (SOR/96-433)

Instructor Qualifications and Training

• 604.144 (1) No private operator shall permit a person to act — and no person shall act — as a flight instructor or a flight simulator instructor unless

  • (a) in the case of a flight instructor, the person holds, in respect of the aircraft type used for the training, the licence and ratings required by Part IV or, in the case of a flight instructor licensed by a contracting state, a licence and ratings equivalent to those required by Part IV;

  • (b) in the case of a flight simulator instructor, the person holds, or has held, in respect of the aircraft type used for the training, the licence and ratings required by Part IV or, in the case of an flight simulator instructor licensed by a contracting state, a licence and ratings equivalent to those required by Part IV;

  • (c) if the private operator is authorized under a special authorization to operate an aircraft in IFR flight, the person holds a valid instrument rating in respect of the aircraft type used for the training;

  • (d) the person has received, in respect of the aircraft type used for the training, training that includes the elements set out in subsection 604.170(1), and the validity period of the training has not expired; and

  • (e) the person has demonstrated to the private operator knowledge of

    • (i) the content of the private operator’s operations manual, and

    • (ii) the provisions of this Subpart that relate to the training of flight crew members.

• (2) No private operator shall permit a person to act — and no person shall act — as a ground instructor unless the person has received, before the day on which the person begins to act as ground instructor, training that includes the following elements:

  • (a) the teaching and learning processes;

  • (b) instructional techniques; and

  • (c) the student-instructor relationship.

Flight Attendant Training

604.145 No private operator shall permit a person to act — and no person shall act — as a flight attendant unless

• (a) the person has received the training set out in section 604.179 or equivalent training that meets the requirements of subsection 604.140(1), and the validity period of the training has not expired; and

• (b) the person has demonstrated to the private operator knowledge of

  • (i) the provisions of these Regulations and of standards that affect the responsibilities of a flight attendant,

  • (ii) aeronautical terminology,

  • (iii) the physiological effects of flight, and

  • (iv) the theory of flight.

Flight Dispatcher and Flight Follower Training

• 604.146 (1) No private operator shall permit a person to act — and no person shall act — as a flight dispatcher unless the person

  • (a) holds a flight dispatcher certificate; and

  • (b) has received the training set out in subsection 604.180(1) and the validity period of the training has not expired.

• (2) No private operator shall permit a person to act — and no person shall act — as a flight follower unless the person has received the training set out in subsection 604.180(2) and the validity period of the training has not expired.

Ground and Airborne Icing Operations Training

604.147 No private operator shall permit a person to perform — and no person shall perform — duties relating to ground and airborne icing operations unless the person has received the training set out in section 604.181 and the validity period of the training has not expired.

Safety Management System Training

604.148 A private operator shall ensure that the operations manager, the maintenance manager and all other personnel receive the training set out in section 604.183.

Training and Qualifications Records

• 604.149 (1) A private operator shall have for its personnel a training and qualifications record that includes the following information:

  • (a) each person’s name;

  • (b) the dates on which the person received training and the name of the instructor who provided the training;

  • (c) in the case of the operations manager, information on how the operations manager has demonstrated to the private operator knowledge of the elements referred to in paragraph 604.141(1)(b) and the date of that demonstration;

  • (d) in the case of the chief pilot, information on how the chief pilot has demonstrated to the private operator knowledge of the elements referred to in paragraph 604.142(1)(b) and the date of that demonstration;

  • (e) in the case of a flight instructor, information on how the flight instructor has demonstrated to the private operator knowledge of the elements referred to in paragraph 604.144(1)(e) and the date of that demonstration;

  • (f) in the case of a flight crew member,

    • (i) the flight crew member licence number, the category and expiry date of the flight crew member’s medical certificate, a list of the flight crew member’s ratings and, if applicable, the expiry date of those ratings,

    • (ii) in respect of the training referred to in subsection 604.170(1) and sections 604.177 and 604.178, information indicating whether the training was completed using an aircraft or a flight simulation training device, and

    • (iii) in respect of the competency check referred to in paragraph 604.143(1)(e),

      • (A) the name of the person who conducted the competency check and the date on which it was conducted,

      • (B) the name of the instructor who made the recommendation referred to in paragraph 604.143(2)(b) and the date on which it was made,

      • (C) the date of each attempt by the flight crew member to complete a competency check and the result of each attempt,

      • (D) information indicating whether the competency check was conducted using an aircraft or a flight simulation training device, and

      • (E) in the case of a competency check conducted by the person referred to in subparagraph 604.143(4)(c)(iii), information indicating how the person has demonstrated to the private operator knowledge of the standard referred to in that subparagraph and the date of that demonstration,

    • (iv) in respect of a pilot proficiency check conducted under Part VII, the name of the air operator for which the check was conducted and the date on which the check was conducted, and

    • (v) the dates on which the flight crew member demonstrated the ability to operate an aircraft in accordance with paragraphs 604.50(c), 604.51(f), 604.60(f) and 604.74(2)(c); and

  • (g) in the case of an aircraft maintenance engineer (AME), the aircraft maintenance engineer licence number.

• (2) If the training referred to in Divisions IV or X includes a written examination, the private operator shall retain a master copy of each examination.

• (3) The private operator shall

  • (a) retain the records referred to in subsections (1) and (2) for two years after the day on which the records were last updated; and

  • (b) retain the written examination referred to in subsection (2) for two years after the day on which the examination was given.

[604.150 to 604.165 reserved]

Division X — Training Program

Training Program

• 604.166 (1) Subject to subsection (2), a private operator shall have a training program that covers the subject matter set out in Division IV and in this Division, and the competency check referred to in paragraph 604.143(1)(e), and that takes into account

  • (a) the aircraft types operated by the private operator; and

  • (b) the private operator’s area of operation.

• (2) A private operator who is also an air operator shall have a training program that covers the subject matter set out in this Division and that takes into account

  • (a) the aircraft types operated by the private operator that are not specified in the air operator certificate; and

  • (b) the differences, if any, between the areas in which operations are conducted.

Acquiring and Maintaining Competency

604.167 A private operator shall design its training program so that a person who receives training required under this Subpart

• (a) will, if the person is receiving the training for the first time, acquire the competency necessary to perform his or her duties; and

• (b) will, if the person is receiving subsequent training, maintain the competency referred to in paragraph (a) and acquire any new competency necessary to perform his or her duties.

Training Program Content and Training Facilities

604.168 A private operator shall ensure that any training provided to meet the requirements of this Subpart is

• (a) based on the content of the private operator’s training program; and

• (b) provided in facilities that are equipped with the appropriate furnishings, audiovisual equipment and training aids.

Flight Crew Members — Ground Instruction

• 604.169 (1) The ground instruction component of the training program for flight crew members shall include the following elements:

  • (a) the content of the private operator’s operations manual;

  • (b) the aircraft systems operation and limitations specified in the aircraft flight manual and, if the private operator has established an aircraft operating manual and standard operating procedures, those specified in that manual and in those procedures;

  • (c) the operation of the aircraft equipment;

  • (d) the differences, if any, between the equipment, operation and layout of aircraft of the same type;

  • (e) the standard operating procedures, if any were established by the private operator;

  • (f) the aircraft performance and limitations;

  • (g) weight and balance control procedures;

  • (h) aircraft servicing and ground handling;

  • (i) the location and operation of emergency equipment;

  • (j) the actions to be taken in the event of aircraft fire on the ground or in the air;

  • (k) the actions to be taken in the event of a security-related event;

  • (l) procedures to avoid Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT);

  • (m) if the flight crew members will be assigned to medical evacuation flights (MEDEVAC), emergency procedures specific to medical evacuations, including the evacuation of patients from aircraft; and

  • (n) the private operator’s operational control system.

• (2) The ground instruction component of the training program for flight crew members shall include training in the performance of the following emergency procedures:

  • (a) the use of fire extinguishers;

  • (b) the operation and use of emergency exits;

  • (c) passenger preparation for an emergency landing or ditching;

  • (d) emergency evacuation procedures;

  • (e) if the flight crew members will be assigned to aircraft equipped with life preservers, the donning and inflation of life preservers;

  • (f) if the flight crew members will be assigned to aircraft equipped with life rafts, the removal of life rafts from the stowage compartment, and the deployment, inflation and boarding of life rafts; and

  • (g) procedures for dealing with pilot incapacitation.

• (3) If a private operator operates a turbo-jet-powered aeroplane, the ground instruction component of the training program for flight crew members who will operate that aeroplane shall include the following elements:

  • (a) the low-energy landing regime for that type of aeroplane;

  • (b) the performance and handling characteristics of the aeroplane and engine in the low-energy regime; and

  • (c) balked landing procedures for the aeroplane.

Flight Crew Members — Aircraft Operation Training

• 604.170 (1) The aircraft operation component of the training program for flight crew members shall include procedures for the normal, abnormal and emergency operation of an aircraft and its systems and components, including the following elements:

  • (a) aircraft performance during take-off, climb, cruise, holding, descent, landing and diversion;

  • (b) calculations of the aircraft’s take-off and landing distances and speeds, and the aircraft’s fuel consumption, weight and centre of gravity;

  • (c) the flight characteristics of the aircraft, including any abnormal characteristics that are applicable to the aircraft, such as dutch roll, buffet boundary onset and aircraft upset;

  • (d) the effects of airframe and engine icing and the use of de-icing and anti-icing equipment;

  • (e) flight planning and instrument flight procedures, including

    • (i) departure, enroute, holding, arrival and diversion procedures,

    • (ii) precision, non-precision and missed approaches in minimum visibility conditions, with the flight director in automatic mode and in degraded states of operation, and

    • (iii) circling approaches, if applicable;

  • (f) pre-flight checks of the interior and exterior of the aircraft;

  • (g) the use of aircraft checklists;

  • (h) aircraft manoeuvres on the ground;

  • (i) normal, crosswind, noise abatement and maximum performance take-offs and landings;

  • (j) take-offs and landings on contaminated runways;

  • (k) rejected take-offs and landings;

  • (l) steep turns;

  • (m) approach to a stall and recovery from a stall;

  • (n) the operation of the Flight Management Computer System (FMCS), Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS), Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS), Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) and any other specialized equipment installed in the private operator’s aircraft;

  • (o) the execution in VMC of one collision avoidance manoeuvre in response to a GPWS or a TAWS warning, if the aircraft is equipped with a GPWS or a TAWS;

  • (p) the operation of navigation and communication equipment;

  • (q) the actions to be taken in the event of hydraulic, electrical and other system failures;

  • (r) the actions to be taken in the event of flight control failures and, in the case of an aircraft with split control capability, briefings on degraded states of operation while in flight and during take-off and landing;

  • (s) the actions to be taken in the event of aircraft fire on the ground or in the air;

  • (t) the actions to be taken in the event of engine fire and engine failure while in flight;

  • (u) the recognition of and recovery from turbulence and windshear during an approach, landing and take-off;

  • (v) the actions to be taken in the event of an emergency evacuation of passengers and crew;

  • (w) the actions to be taken in the event of pilot incapacitation while in flight and during take-off and landing;

  • (x) crew resource management;

  • (y) if the private operator provides the training using a flight simulator, the performance of one balked landing initiated in the low-energy regime using the same simulator;

  • (z) in the case of a pressurized aircraft, the actions to be taken in the event of loss of pressurization and emergency descent;

  • (z.1) in the case of a three-engine or four-engine aircraft, take-off, landing and flight with the critical engine inoperative or with two other engines inoperative, including driftdown and engine-inoperative performance capabilities; and

  • (z.2) in the case of a helicopter,

    • (i) hovering manoeuvres, slope landings and confined areas,

    • (ii) autorotations,

    • (iii) transmission and main gear box faults and failures, and

    • (iv) tail rotor, tail rotor drive and tail rotor gear box faults and failures.

• (2) When the training referred to in subsection (1) is provided on board an aircraft in flight, the private operator shall have procedures to ensure that situations are simulated or presented, and actions are simulated or performed, so as to not adversely affect the safety of the aircraft, its occupants or any other person.