Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal-fired Generation of Electricity Regulations (SOR/2012-167)

Fuel-based Methods

Marginal note:Determination

22 If paragraph 20(1)(b) applies, the quantity of CO₂ emissions referred to in subsection 20(1) is to be determined by the following formula:

where

E_i

is the quantity of CO₂ emissions attributable to the combustion of fossil fuel of type “i” in the unit during the calendar year, expressed in tonnes, determined for that fuel type in accordance with section 23 or 24;

i

is the i^th type of fossil fuel combusted in the unit during the calendar year, with “i” going from the number 1 to n, where n is the number of types of fossil fuel so combusted;

E_s

is E_s determined in accordance with the formula set out in subparagraph 21(2)(d)(ii); and

E_ccs

is the quantity of CO₂ in those emissions, expressed in tonnes, from the combustion of fuel in the unit, during the calendar year, that are captured in accordance with the laws of Canada or a province that regulate that capture and that are transported and stored in accordance with the laws of Canada or a province, or of the United States or one of its states, that regulate that transportation or storage, as the case may be, that quantity being determined using a direct measure of the flow of, and the concentration of CO₂ in, those emissions.

Marginal note:Measured carbon content

• 23 (1) Subject to section 24, the quantity of CO₂ emissions attributable to the combustion of a fuel in a unit during a calendar year, expressed in tonnes, is determined in accordance with the applicable formula, as follows:

  • (a) for a solid fuel

    M_f × CC_A × 3.664

    where

    M_f

    is the mass of the fuel combusted during the calendar year as determined, as the case may be, on a wet or dry basis, expressed in tonnes and measured by a measuring device, and

    CC_A

    is the weighted average, expressed in kg of carbon per kg of the fuel, of the carbon content of the fuel determined in accordance with subsection (2) on the same wet or dry basis as the one used in the determination of M_f;

  • (b) for a liquid fuel

    V_f × CC_A × 3.664

    where

    V_f

    is the volume of the fuel combusted during the calendar year, expressed in kL, determined by using flow meters, and

    CC_A

    is the weighted average, expressed in tonnes of carbon per kL of the fuel, of the carbon content of the fuel determined in accordance with subsection (2) at the same temperature as the one used in the determination of V_f; and

  • (c) for a gaseous fuel

    

    where

    V_f

    is the volume of the fuel combusted during the calendar year, expressed in standard m³, determined by using flow meters,

    CC_A

    is the weighted average, expressed in kg of carbon per kg of the fuel, of the carbon content of the fuel determined in accordance with subsection (2),

    MM_A

    is the average molecular mass of the fuel, expressed in kg per kg-mole of the fuel, determined based on fuel samples collected in accordance with section 27, and

    MV_cf

    is the molar volume conversion factor, namely 23.645 standard m³ per kg-mole of the fuel at standard conditions of 15°C and 101.325 kPa.

• Marginal note:Weighted average

  (2) The weighted average referred to in paragraphs (1)(a) to (c) as CC_A is, based on fuel samples collected in accordance with section 27, to be determined in accordance with the following formula:

  

  where

  CC_i

  is the carbon content of, as the case may be, the composite sample, or the sample, of the fuel for the i^th sampling period expressed for solid fuels, liquid fuels and gaseous fuels, respectively, in the same unit of measure as the one set out in CC_A, as provided by the supplier of the fuel to the responsible person and, if not so provided, as determined by the responsible person, and measured

  • (a) for a solid fuel, on the same wet or dry basis as the one used in the determination of CC_A, in accordance with,

    • (i) for coal, biomass or solid fuel derived from waste, ASTM D5373 - 08, entitled Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal, and

    • (ii) for any other solid fuel,

      • (A) an applicable ASTM standard for the measurement of the carbon content of the fuel, and

      • (B) if no such ASTM standard applies, an applicable internationally recognized method for the measurement of the carbon content of the fuel,

  • (b) for a liquid fuel, in accordance with any of the following standards or methods that applies for the measurement of the carbon content of the fuel:

    • (i) ASTM D3238 - 95(2010), entitled Standard Test Method for Calculation of Carbon Distribution and Structural Group Analysis of Petroleum Oils by the n-d-M Method, along with either of the following applicable ASTM standards:

      • (A) ASTM D2503 - 92(2007), entitled Standard Test Method for Relative Molecular Mass (Molecular Weight) of Hydrocarbons by Thermoelectric Measurement of Vapor Pressure, and

      • (B) ASTM D2502 - 04(2009), entitled Standard Test Method for Estimation of Molecular Weight (Relative Molecular Mass) of Petroleum Oils From Viscosity Measurements,

    • (ii) ASTM D5291 - 10, entitled Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants, and

    • (iii) if no such ASTM standard applies, an applicable internationally recognized method, and

  • (c) for a gaseous fuel,

    • (i) in accordance with either of the following ASTM standards that applies for the measurement of the carbon content of the fuel:

      • (A) ASTM D1945 - 03(2010), entitled Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography, and

      • (B) ASTM D1946 - 90(2011), entitled Standard Practice for Analysis of Reformed Gas by Gas Chromatography, or

    • (ii) by means of a direct measuring device that determines the carbon content of the fuel;

  i

  is the i^th sampling period referred to in section 27, with “i” going from the number 1 to n, where n is the number of those sampling periods; and

  Q_i

  is the mass or volume, as the case may be, of the fuel combusted during the i^th sampling period, expressed

  • (a) for a solid fuel, in tonnes, on the same wet or dry basis as the one used in the determination of CC_A,

  • (b) for a liquid fuel, in kL, and

  • (c) for a gaseous fuel, in standard m³.

Marginal note:Quantification based on HHV

• 24 (1) For an eligible fuel referred to in subsection (2), the quantity of CO₂ emissions attributable to the combustion of the fuel in a unit during a calendar year, expressed in tonnes, may be determined in accordance with subsection (4) based on the following higher heating value of the fuel:

  • (a) the higher heating value of the fuel that is measured in accordance with subsection (6) as provided by the supplier of the fuel to the responsible person but, if not so provided, as so measured by the responsible person; and

  • (b) in the absence of a measured higher heating value of the fuel referred to in paragraph (a), the default higher heating value, set out in column 2 of Schedule 5, for the fuel’s type, as set out in column 1 but, in the absence of that default higher heating value, a default higher heating value for that fuel type established by a body that is internationally recognized as being competent to establish default higher heating values for fuels.

• Marginal note:Eligible fuels

  (2) Eligible fuels are

  • (a) a fuel combusted in a unit in respect of which an exemption from the application of subsection 3(1) has been granted under subsection 7(4);

  • (b) a fuel referred to in section 23 that is combusted during the calendar year at less than any of the average daily rates referred to in subsection (3);

  • (c) a fuel listed in Table 4 to Schedule 5; and

  • (d) a fuel combusted in a standby unit.

• Marginal note:Average daily rates

  (3) The average daily rates are

  • (a) for a solid fuel, 3 t/day;

  • (b) for a liquid fuel, 1900 L/day; and

  • (c) for a gaseous fuel, 500 standard m³/day.

• Marginal note:Quantity of emissions

  (4) The quantity of emissions is to be determined in accordance with the following formula:

  Q × HHV × EF × 0.001

  where

  Q

  is the quantity of the fuel combusted in the unit during the calendar year determined

  • (a) for a solid fuel, in the same manner as the one used in the determination of M_f in the formula set out in paragraph 23(1)(a) and expressed in tonnes,

  • (b) for a liquid fuel, in the same manner as the one used in the determination of V_f in the formula set out in paragraph 23(1)(b) and expressed in kL, and

  • (c) for a gaseous fuel, in the same manner as the one used in the determination of V_f in the formula set out in paragraph 23(1)(c) and expressed in standard m³;

  HHV

  — expressed in GJ/tonne, for a solid fuel, in GJ/kL, for a liquid fuel, and in GJ/standard m³, for a gaseous fuel — is

  • (a) if paragraph (1)(a) applies, the weighted average higher heating value of the fuel, determined in accordance with subsection (5), based on fuel samples collected in accordance with section 27, and

  • (b) if paragraph (1)(b) applies, the default higher heating value, set out in column 2 of Schedule 5, for the fuel’s type, as set out in column 1 and, in the absence of that default higher heating value, a default higher heating value for that fuel type established by a body that is internationally recognized as being competent to establish default higher heating values for fuels; and

  EF

  is the default CO₂ emission factor, set out in column 3 of Schedule 5, for that fuel listed in column 1 and, in the absence of that default CO₂ emission factor, a default CO₂ emission factor for that fuel established by a body that is internationally recognized as competent to establish default CO₂ emission factors for fuels.

• Marginal note:Weighted average

  (5) The weighted average higher heating value of the fuel is determined in accordance with the following formula:

  

  where

  HHV_i

  is the higher heating value of, as the case may be, each composite sample, or sample, of the fuel for the i^th sampling period measured in accordance with subsection (6), as provided by the supplier of the fuel to the responsible person but, if not so provided, as so measured by the responsible person;

  i

  is the i^th sampling period referred to in section 27, with “i” going from the number 1 to n, where n is the number of those sampling periods; and

  Q_i

  is the mass or volume, as the case may be, of the fuel combusted during the i^th sampling period, expressed

  • (a) for a solid fuel, in the same manner as the one used in the determination of M_f in the formula set out in paragraph 23(1)(a) and expressed in tonnes,

  • (b) for a liquid fuel, in the same manner as the one used in the determination of V_f in the formula set out in paragraph 23(1)(b) and expressed in kL, and

  • (c) for a gaseous fuel, in the same manner as the one used in the determination of V_f in the formula set out in paragraph 23(1)(c) and expressed in standard m³.

• Marginal note:Measurement of HHV

  (6) The higher heating value of a fuel is to be measured

  • (a) for a solid fuel that is

    • (i) coal or biomass, in accordance with ASTM D5865 - 13, entitled Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke,

    • (ii) a fuel from waste, in accordance with ASTM D5865 - 13, and

    • (iii) any other solid fuel type,

      • (A) in accordance with an applicable ASTM standard for the measurement of the higher heating value of the fuel, and

      • (B) if no such ASTM standard applies, in accordance with an applicable internationally recognized method; and

  • (b) for a liquid fuel that is

    • (i) an oil or a liquid fuel derived from waste, in accordance with

      • (A) ASTM D240 - 09, entitled Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter, or

      • (B) ASTM D4809 - 09a, entitled Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method), and

    • (ii) any other liquid fuel type,

      • (A) in accordance with an applicable ASTM standard for the measurement of the higher heating value of the fuel, and

      • (B) if no such ASTM standard applies, in accordance with an applicable internationally recognized method; and

  • (c) for a gaseous fuel,

    • (i) in accordance with any of the following applicable ASTM or GPA standards:

      • (A) ASTM D1826 - 94(2010), entitled Standard Test Method for Calorific (Heating) Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter,

      • (B) ASTM D3588 - 98(2003), entitled Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels,

      • (C) ASTM D4891 - 89(2006), entitled Standard Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Stoichiometric Combustion,

      • (D) GPA Standard 2172 - 09, entitled Calculation of Gross Heating Value, Relative Density, Compressibility and Theoretical Hydrocarbon Liquid Content for Natural Gas Mixtures for Custody Transfer, and

      • (E) GPA standard 2261 - 00, entitled Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography, or

    • (ii) by means of a direct measuring device that determines the higher heating value of the fuel, but if the measuring device provides only lower heating values, those lower heating values must be converted to the corresponding higher heating values.