Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (S.C. 1996, c. 19)

Marginal note:Definition of medical emergency

• 4.1 (1) For the purposes of this section, medical emergency means a physiological event induced by the introduction of a psychoactive substance into the body of a person that results in a life-threatening situation and in respect of which there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person requires emergency medical or law enforcement assistance.

• Marginal note:Exemption — medical emergency

  (2) No person who seeks emergency medical or law enforcement assistance because that person, or another person, is suffering from a medical emergency is to be charged or convicted of an offence under subsection 4(1) if the evidence in support of that offence was obtained or discovered as a result of that person having sought assist­ance or having remained at the scene.

• Marginal note:Exemption — persons at the scene

  (3) The exemption under subsection (2) also applies to any person, including the person suffering from the medical emergency, who is at the scene on the arrival of the emergency medical or law enforcement assistance.

• Marginal note:Exemption — evidence

  (4) No person who seeks emergency medical or law enforcement assistance because that person, or another person, is suffering from a medical emergency, or who is at the scene on the arrival of the assistance, is to be charged with an offence concerning a violation of any condition of a pre-trial release or probation order relating to an offence under subsection 4(1) if the evidence in support of that offence was obtained or discovered as a result of that person having sought assistance or having remained at the scene.

• Marginal note:Deeming

  (5) Any condition of a person’s pre-trial release, probation order, conditional sentence or parole relating to an offence under subsection 4(1) that may be violated as a result of the person seeking emergency medical or law enforcement assistance for their, or another person’s, medical emergency, or as a result of having been at the scene on the arrival of the assistance, is deemed not to be violated.

Marginal note:Trafficking in substance

• 5 (1) No person shall traffic in a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V or in any substance represented or held out by that person to be such a substance.

• Marginal note:Possession for purpose of trafficking

  (2) No person shall, for the purpose of trafficking, possess a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V.

• Marginal note:Punishment

  (3) Every person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2)

  • (a) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I or II, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life, and

    • (i) to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of one year if

      • (A) the person committed the offence for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with a criminal organization, as defined in subsection 467.1(1) of the Criminal Code,

      • (B) the person used or threatened to use violence in committing the offence,

      • (C) the person carried, used or threatened to use a weapon in committing the offence, or

      • (D) the person was convicted of a designated substance offence, or had served a term of imprisonment for a designated substance offence, within the previous 10 years, or

    • (ii) to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years if

      • (A) the person committed the offence in or near a school, on or near school grounds or in or near any other public place usually frequented by persons under the age of 18 years,

      • (B) the person committed the offence in a prison, as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code, or on its grounds, or

      • (C) the person used the services of a person under the age of 18 years, or involved such a person, in committing the offence;

  • (a.1) [Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 196]

  • (b) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III or V,

    • (i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or

    • (ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months; and

  • (c) where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule IV,

    • (i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or

    • (ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.

• (4) [Repealed, 2012, c. 1, s. 39]

• Marginal note:Interpretation

  (5) For the purposes of applying subsection (3) in respect of an offence under subsection (1), a reference to a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V includes a reference to any substance represented or held out to be a substance included in that Schedule.

• (6) [Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 196]

Marginal note:Importing and exporting

• 6 (1) Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall import into Canada or export from Canada a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI.

• Marginal note:Possession for the purpose of exporting

  (2) Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall possess a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV, V or VI for the purpose of exporting it from Canada.

• Marginal note:Punishment

  (3) Every person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2)

  • (a) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I in an amount that is not more than one kilogram, or in Schedule II, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life, and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of one year if

    • (i) the offence is committed for the purposes of trafficking,

    • (ii) the person, while committing the offence, abused a position of trust or authority, or

    • (iii) the person had access to an area that is restricted to authorized persons and used that access to commit the offence;

  • (a.1) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I in an amount that is more than one kilogram, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years;

  • (b) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III, V or VI,

    • (i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or

    • (ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months; and

  • (c) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule IV,

    • (i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or

    • (ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.

Marginal note:Production of substance

• 7 (1) Except as authorized under the regulations, no person shall produce a substance included in Schedule I, II, III, IV or V.

• Marginal note:Punishment

  (2) Every person who contravenes subsection (1)

  • (a) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule I, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of three years if any of the factors set out in subsection (3) apply and for a term of two years in any other case;

  • (a.1) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule II, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for life, and to a minimum punishment of imprisonment

    • (i) for a term of one year if the production is for the purpose of trafficking, or

    • (ii) for a term of 18 months if the production is for the purpose of trafficking and any of the factors set out in subsection (3) apply;

  • (b) [Repealed, 2018, c. 16, s. 197]

  • (c) if the subject matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule III or V,

    • (i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or

    • (ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen months; and

  • (d) where the subject-matter of the offence is a substance included in Schedule IV,

    • (i) is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or

    • (ii) is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.

• Marginal note:Factors

  (3) The following factors must be taken into account in applying paragraphs (2)(a) and (a.1):

  • (a) the person used real property that belongs to a third party in committing the offence;

  • (b) the production constituted a potential security, health or safety hazard to persons under the age of 18 years who were in the location where the offence was committed or in the immediate area;

  • (c) the production constituted a potential public safety hazard in a residential area; or

  • (d) the person set or placed a trap, device or other thing that is likely to cause death or bodily harm to another person in the location where the offence was committed or in the immediate area, or permitted such a trap, device or other thing to remain or be placed in that location or area.