2. The purpose of these Regulations is to

• (a) reduce emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, formaldehyde and particulate matter from on-road vehicles and engines by establishing emission limits for those substances;

• (b) reduce emissions of the toxic substances 1-3 butadiene, acetaldehyde, acrolein and benzene through the establishment of emission limits for hydrocarbons from on-road vehicles and engines; and

• (c) establish emission standards and test procedures for on-road vehicles and engines that are aligned with those of the EPA.

2.1 These Regulations set out

• (a) prescribed classes of on-road vehicles and engines for the purposes of section 149 of the Act;

• (b) requirements respecting the conformity of on-road vehicles and engines with emission standards for the purposes of sections 153 and 154 of the Act; and

• (c) other requirements for carrying out the purposes of Division 5, Part 7 of the Act.

3. Subject to section 9 and subsection 24(7), these Regulations apply to vehicles and engines that are manufactured in Canada, or imported into Canada, on or after January 1, 2004.

4. In these Regulations, a vehicle or engine is deemed to be covered by an EPA certificate if it

• (a) is equivalent to a vehicle or engine that is covered by an EPA certificate in that both vehicles or engines, as the case may be, share all of the features described in the CFR that are used by the EPA to classify vehicles or engines into test groups, and vehicles into evaporative and refuelling families; and

• (b) has no features that could cause it to have a higher level of emissions than the vehicles or engines tested for the issuance of the EPA certificate.

• 5. (1) A year that is used by a manufacturer as a model year shall

  • (a) if the period of production of a model of vehicle or engine does not include January 1 of a calendar year, correspond to the calendar year during which the period of production falls; or

  • (b) if the period of production of a model of vehicle or engine includes January 1 of a calendar year, correspond to that calendar year.

• (2) The period of production of a model of vehicle or engine shall include only one January 1.

• 6. (1) In these Regulations, subject to subsection (3), the following classes of vehicles are prescribed for the purposes of the definition “vehicle” in section 149 of the Act:

  • (a) light-duty vehicles;

  • (b) light-duty trucks, namely, light light-duty trucks and heavy light-duty trucks;

  • (c) medium-duty passenger vehicles;

  • (d) complete heavy-duty vehicles;

  • (e) heavy-duty vehicles; and

  • (f) motorcycles.

• (2) In these Regulations, subject to subsection (3), heavy-duty engines are prescribed for the purposes of the definition “engine” in section 149 of the Act.

• (3) The prescribed classes of vehicles and engines referred to in subsections (1) and (2) do not include

  • (a) any vehicle that was manufactured 15 years or more before the date of its importation into Canada; or

  • (b) any vehicle or engine that is being exported and that is accompanied by written evidence establishing that it will not be sold or used in Canada.

• (4) For the purpose of section 152 of the Act, the prescribed vehicles and engines are the classes of vehicles and engines referred to in subsections (1) and (2) that are manufactured in Canada, except

  • (a) any vehicle or engine that will be used in Canada solely for purposes of exhibition, demonstration, evaluation or testing;

  • (b) any engine that is to be installed in a heavy-duty vehicle before the first retail sale of the vehicle; and

  • (c) any engine that is to be installed as a replacement in a heavy-duty vehicle that has a national emissions mark applied to it if the replacement engine

    • (i) is of the same model year as the original engine, and

    • (ii) is identical to the original engine in all respects material to emissions.