Multi-Sector Air Pollutants Regulations (SOR/2016-151)
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Regulations are current to 2026-01-19 and last amended on 2026-01-01. Previous Versions
PART 1Boilers and Heaters (continued)
Quantification (continued)
Type of Gas
Marginal note:Percentage of methane
16 (1) The percentage of methane in the gaseous fossil fuel introduced into the combustion chamber of a boiler or heater, for a given hour, must be determined, by volume, as a weighted average by the formula
[(CH4 ng × Qng) + (CH4 alt × Qalt)] × 100/(Qng + Qalt)
where
- CH4 ng
- is the concentration of methane, determined in accordance with subsection (2), in the natural gas introduced into the combustion chamber during the given hour, expressed as a decimal fraction;
- Qng
- is the quantity of the natural gas introduced into the combustion chamber during the given hour, as measured by a flow meter on the input, expressed in standard m3;
- CH4 alt
- is the concentration of methane, determined in accordance with subsection (2), in the alternative gas introduced into the combustion chamber during the given hour, expressed as a decimal fraction; and
- Qalt
- is the quantity of the alternative gas introduced into the combustion chamber during the given hour, as measured by a flow meter on the input, expressed in standard m3.
Marginal note:Gas introduced into combustion chamber
(2) The concentration of methane in the gaseous fossil fuel introduced into the combustion chamber is
(a) for commercial grade natural gas, either
(i) to be determined in accordance with ASTM D1945-03, ASTM D1946-90, GPA 2261-25 or GPA 2286-24 , or
(ii) fixed as 95%; and
(b) for any other gaseous fossil fuel, to be determined in accordance with ASTM D1945-03, ASTM D1946-90, GPA 2261-25 or GPA 2286-24, whichever applies.
Marginal note:Fixed HHV of commercial grade natural gas
17 If the concentration of methane in the commercial grade natural gas introduced into the combustion chamber is fixed as 95%, in accordance with subparagraph 16(2)(a)(ii), the higher heating value of the commercial grade natural gas must, for the purpose of paragraph 29(b), be fixed as 0.03793 in accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of the description of HHVi in that paragraph.
Thermal Efficiency
Marginal note:Modern boiler
18 The thermal efficiency of a modern boiler, for a given day, must be determined by the formula
100% – Ldfg – Lw – Lrc – Lo
where
- Ldfg
- is the percentage of loss of thermal efficiency due to the thermal energy contained in the boiler’s flue gas determined on a dry basis for an hour in the given day, determined in accordance with section 19;
- Lw
- is the percentage of loss of thermal efficiency due to the thermal energy contained in the water in the boiler’s flue gas for an hour in the given day, determined in accordance with section 20;
- Lrc
- is the percentage of loss of thermal efficiency due to radiation and to convection of the boiler’s surfaces for an hour in the given day, being
(a) for a watertube boiler, the percentage of loss of thermal efficiency that is
(i) set out in, as applicable, column 2, 3 or 4 of Schedule 4, if the boiler operates during that hour at, respectively, 100%, 80% or 60% of its rated capacity, for the rated capacity of the boiler set out in column 1 of that Schedule and for that percentage , or
(ii) interpolated on a linear basis from
(A) the rated capacity of the boiler within the applicable range of rated capacities as between two consecutive rows of rated capacities set out in column 1 of Schedule 4, and
(B) the percentage of loss of thermal efficiency at which the boiler operates during that hour as set out in
(I) the range between the percentages set out in columns 2 and 3 of Schedule 4, if it operates between 100% and 80% of its rated capacity, or
(II) the range between percentages set out in columns 3 and 4 of that Schedule, if it operates between 80% and 60% of its rated capacity,
(b) for a firetube boiler, 0.5%, and
(c) in any other case, 1%; and
- Lo
- is the percentage of loss of thermal efficiency due to other sources, which is deemed to be 0.1%.
Marginal note:Determination of Ldfg
19 Ldfg referred to in section 18 must be determined for an hour in the given day by the formula
1.005 × (Tg – Ti)/HHVm × Mg × 100
where
- Tg
- is the average temperature, expressed in °C, of the flue gas, as measured in the stack, during that hour;
- Ti
- is the average temperature , expressed in °C, of the air introduced into the combustion chamber during that hour;
- HHVm
- is the higher heating value of the fuel combusted during that hour, expressed on a mass basis in kJ/kg, being
(a) for commercial grade natural gas,
(i) the higher heating value, determined in accordance with any of the required HHV methods set out in section 22 that apply, or
(ii) 51 800 kJ/kg, and
(b) in any other case, the weighted average of the higher heating value of each fuel combusted during that hour, expressed on a mass basis in kJ/kg, determined in accordance with any of the required HHV methods set out in section 22 that apply; and
- Mg
- is the average ratio of the mass of the flue gas to the mass of the fuel combusted, expressed in kg/kg, during that hour, determined by the formula
0.962 × [1 + %O2/(20.9 – %O2)] × Ms
where
- %O2
- is the percentage of oxygen, determined by volume on a dry basis, in the flue gas, determined in accordance with EPA Method 3A or ASTM D6522-11,
- Ms
- is the ratio of the stoichiometric mass of the flue gas to the mass of the fuel combusted, expressed in kg/kg, being
(a) for commercial grade natural gas,
(i) the ratio determined in accordance with paragraph (b), or
(ii) 15.3 kg/kg, and
(b) in any other case, the ratio determined by the formula:
12.492C + 26.296H + N + 5.305S – 3.313O
where the concentration of each of the following constituents of the fuel combusted is determined in accordance with subsections 23(1) and (2) and
- C
- is the concentration of carbon in the fuel combusted, expressed in kg of carbon per kg of that fuel,
- H
- is the concentration of hydrogen in the fuel combusted, expressed in kg of hydrogen per kg of that fuel,
- N
- is the concentration of nitrogen in the fuel combusted, expressed in kg of nitrogen per kg of that fuel,
- S
- is the concentration of sulphur in the fuel combusted, expressed in kg of sulphur per kg of that fuel, and
- O
- is the concentration of oxygen in the fuel combusted, expressed in kg of oxygen per kg of that fuel.
Marginal note:Determination of Lw
20 Lw referred to in section 18 must be determined for an hour of the given day by the formula
8.94H × [2450 + 1.989(Tg – Ti)]/HHVm × 100
where
- H
- is the concentration of hydrogen in the fuel combusted during that hour, expressed in kg of hydrogen per kg of that fuel, being
(a) for commercial grade natural gas,
(i) a weighted average calculated on the basis of the concentration — expressed in kg/kg — of each of the constituents of the commercial grade natural gas, as determined in accordance with ASTM D1945-03, ASTM D1946-90, GPA 2261-25 or GPA 2286-24, or
(ii) 0.237 kg/kg, and
(b) in any other case, the concentration determined in accordance with subsections 23(1) and (2);
- Tg
- is the average temperature, expressed in °C, of the flue gas, as measured in the stack during that hour;
- Ti
- is the average temperature, expressed in °C, of the air introduced into the combustion chamber during that hour; and
- HHVm
- is the higher heating value of the fuel combusted during that hour, expressed on a mass basis in kJ/kg, being
(a) for commercial grade natural gas,
(i) the higher heating value determined in accordance with any of the required HHV methods set out in section 22 that apply, or
(ii) 51 800 kJ/kg, and
(b) in any other case, the weighted average of the higher heating value of each fuel introduced into the combustion chamber, expressed on a mass basis in kJ/kg, determined in accordance with any of the required HHV methods set out in section 22 that apply;
Marginal note:Commercial grade natural gas — determined or fixed
21 The value for commercial grade natural gas for HHVm in sections 19 and 20, for Ms in section 19 and for H in section 20 must all be either
(a) determined
(i) for H, as a weighted average calculated on the basis of determinations made in accordance with the one of the ASTM methods referred to in subparagraph (a)(i) of H,
(ii) for HHVm, in accordance with subparagraph (a)(i) of HHVm, and
(iii) for Ms, by the formula set out in paragraph (b) of Ms; or
(b) fixed as the applicable ratio referred to, respectively, in H, HHVm and Ms.
Marginal note:Required HHV methods
22 The required HHV methods are
(a) for gaseous fuels, as applicable,
(i) the ASTM D1826-94 method entitled Standard Test Method for Calorific (Heating) Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter, published by ASTM,
(ii) the ASTM D3588-98 method entitled Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels, published by ASTM,
(iii) the ASTM D4891-89 method entitled Standard Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Stoichiometric Combustion, published by ASTM, and
(iv) the method GPA Standard 2172-25 entitled Calculation of Gross Heating Value, Relative Density, Compressibility and Theoretical Hydrocarbon Liquid Content for Natural Gas Mixtures for Custody Transfer, published by GPAn;
(b) for liquid fuels, as applicable,
(i) the ASTM D240-09 method entitled Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter, published by ASTM, and
(ii) the ASTM D4809-09ae1 method entitled Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method), published by ASTM; and
(c) for solid fuels, as applicable,
(i) the ASTM D5865-12 method entitled Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke, published by ASTM, and
(ii) the ASTM D5468-02 method entitled Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific and Ash Value of Waste Materials, published by ASTM.
Marginal note:Constituents of fuel
23 (1) The concentration of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen per kilogram of fuel introduced into the combustion chamber must be determined as a weighted average of the concentration of each of the constituents of each fuel in accordance with subsection (2).
Marginal note:Required concentration standards and calculation methods
(2) The concentration of the constituents of fuel must be determined
(a) for gaseous fuels, in accordance with, as applicable,
(i) ASTM D1945-03,
(ii) ASTM D1946-90,
(iii) GPA 2261-25, and
(iv) GPA 2286-24;
(b) for liquid fuels,
(i) in the case of the concentration of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, in accordance with the ASTM D5291-10 method entitled Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants, published by ASTM,
(ii) in the case of the concentration of sulphur, in accordance with the ASTM D4294-10 method entitled Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, published by ASTM, and
(iii) in the case of the concentration of oxygen, to be the remaining concentration after removing the determinations made for the concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur; and
(c) for solid fuel that
(i) is coal or coke,
(A) in the case of the concentration of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, in accordance with the ASTM D5373-08 method entitled Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal, published by ASTM,
(B) in the case of the concentration of sulphur, in accordance with the ASTM D4239-12 method entitled Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion, published by ASTM, and
(C) in the case of the concentration of oxygen, to be the remaining concentration after removing the determinations made for the concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur, and
(ii) is derived from waste,
(A) in the case of the concentration of carbon and hydrogen, in accordance with the ASTM E777-08 method entitled Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel, published by ASTM,
(B) in the case of the concentration of nitrogen, in accordance with the ASTM E778-08 method entitled Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel, published by ASTM ,
(C) in the case of the concentration of sulphur, in accordance with the ASTM E775-87(2008)e1 method entitled Standard Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel, published by ASTM, and
(D) in the case of the concentration of oxygen, to be the remaining concentration after removing the determinations made for the concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur.
Marginal note:Difference of temperature — preheated air
24 For a modern heater that is equipped to preheat air, the difference between the temperature of its preheated air and the ambient air, for a given hour, must be determined by the formula
Tp − Ta
where
- Tp
- is the average temperature, expressed in °C, of the heater’s preheated air introduced into the combustion chamber during the given hour, as measured at the point of introduction to the combustion chamber; and
- Ta
- is the average temperature, expressed in °C, of the ambient air introduced into the preheater during the given hour, as measured at the point of introduction to the air preheater.
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