Canadian Aviation Regulations (SOR/96-433)

Function and Reliability Test Flights

• 521.47 (1) Subject to subsection (3), an applicant for a type certificate in respect of an aircraft shall conduct one or more function and reliability test flights in order to demonstrate to the Minister that the aircraft, its components and its equipment are reliable and function properly.

• (2) A function and reliability test flight shall consist of

  • (a) in the case of an aircraft that uses a turbine engine of a type not previously used in an aircraft for which a type certificate has been issued, at least 300 hours of operation of the aircraft with a full complement of engines that conform to a type certificate or to an equivalent certificate issued by the airworthiness authority of a foreign state with which Canada has an airworthiness agreement or similar arrangement; or

  • (b) in the case of every other aircraft, at least 150 hours of operation of the aircraft.

• (3) Subsection (1) does not apply in respect of

  • (a) the following aircraft:

    • (i) aeroplanes having a MCTOW of 2 720 kg (6,000 pounds) or less,

    • (ii) gliders,

    • (iii) airships having a seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of nine or less,

    • (iv) manned free balloons, or

    • (v) restricted category aircraft; or

  • (b) a change to a type design, unless otherwise determined by the Minister taking into consideration the certification plan submitted under paragraph 521.28(d).

[521.48 to 521.56 reserved]

Issuance of a Type Certificate

• 521.57 (1) Subject to section 6.71 of the Act, the Minister shall issue a type certificate in respect of an aeronautical product if the applicant

  • (a) submits the declaration required under paragraph 521.33(b);

  • (b) submits a signed undertaking to carry out the responsibilities specified in Division VIII; and

  • (c) meets the requirements set out in subsection (2) or (3) in respect of the category of the aeronautical product.

• (2) An applicant for a type certificate in respect of an aeronautical product other than a restricted category aircraft shall demonstrate to the Minister that

  • (a) the type design of the aeronautical product conforms to its certification basis;

  • (b) in the case of an aircraft, no feature or characteristic makes the aircraft unsafe, taking into account the category in which certification is requested;

  • (c) subject to paragraph (d), any test flights required under paragraph 521.44(c) and section 521.47 have been conducted; and

  • (d) if the function and reliability test flights required under section 521.47 have not been completed, a program exists to ensure their completion before the later of the delivery of the first aircraft and the issuance of the certificate of airworthiness.

• (3) An applicant for a type certificate in respect of a restricted category aircraft shall demonstrate to the Minister that

  • (a) no feature or characteristic makes the aircraft unsafe when that aircraft is operated within the limitations specified for its intended use; and

  • (b) the aircraft

    • (i) has a type design that conforms to its certification basis, or

    • (ii) is of a type manufactured in accordance with the requirements of, and accepted for use by, the Department of National Defence and has been modified for its intended use.

Change to the Type Design Approved in a Type Certificate

521.58 The holder of a type certificate in respect of an aeronautical product who proposes to make a change to the type design approved in the type certificate shall meet the requirements set out in section 521.152.

[521.59 to 521.100 reserved]

Division III — Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) Design Approvals

Application

521.101 This Division applies

• (a) in respect of the issuance of a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval for an appliance or a part; and

• (b) to applicants for and holders of a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part.

Eligibility Requirements

521.102 An applicant for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part shall have, or have access to, the technical capability to conduct the design analyses and tests required to demonstrate the conformity of the appliance or part with its certification basis.

Application for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) Design Approval

521.103 An applicant for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part shall submit to the Minister

• (a) an application that contains the information specified on the form published by the Minister entitled Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) Design Approval Application;

• (b) a description of the appliance or part that contains its principal design features and its specifications;

• (c) a proposed certification basis;

• (d) a certification plan that identifies

  • (i) the means to be used to demonstrate that the appliance or part conforms to the applicable certification basis,

  • (ii) the documentation that demonstrates the conformity of the appliance or part with the applicable certification basis,

  • (iii) the resources necessary for carrying out the demonstration of conformity referred to in subparagraph (i), and

  • (iv) the schedule for carrying out the demonstration of conformity referred to in subparagraph (i);

• (e) a draft of the declaration of design and performance referred to in paragraph 521.107(b); and

• (f) the means to be used to identify the model number of an appliance or a part and the part number of each component of the appliance or part and how changes to the appliance or part will be identified.

Effective Period of an Application

• 521.104 (1) Unless an applicant demonstrates, at the time of submitting an application for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part, that a longer period is required for the design, development and testing of the appliance or part, and for that reason the Minister approves a longer period, the application is effective during one of the following periods, beginning on the date of the application:

  • (a) two years, in the case of an appliance or a part other than a turbine-powered APU; or

  • (b) three years, in the case of a turbine-powered APU.

• (2) If a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval is not issued within the applicable effective period referred to in subsection (1), the applicant may

  • (a) submit a new application for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval; or

  • (b) apply for an extension of the effective period of the original application.

• (3) If the effective period of an application for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval is extended under paragraph (2)(b), the standards of airworthiness applicable to the appliance or part are those in force on the date that precedes, by one of the periods referred to in subsection (1), the date of the issuance of the Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval.

Certification Basis

521.105 The Minister shall establish, in respect of an appliance or a part, a certification basis consisting of

• (a) the applicable standards of airworthiness referred to in section 521.106 that are in force on the date of application for the Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval; and

• (b) any finding of equivalent safety based on any factors or design features that provide for an alternate means of compliance with the standards of airworthiness in force on the date of application for the Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO).

Standards of Airworthiness

521.106 The standards of airworthiness for the issuance of or a change to a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part are

• (a) those specified in Chapter 537 — Appliances and Parts of the Airworthiness Manual; or

• (b) if no standards of airworthiness for the issuance of or a change to a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of the appliance or part are specified in Chapter 537 — Appliances and Parts of the Airworthiness Manual, the minimum performance standards specified by the Minister.

Conformity with Certification Basis

521.107 An applicant for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part shall

• (a) demonstrate to the Minister that the appliance or part conforms to the certification basis established by the Minister under section 521.105;

• (b) submit to the Minister a declaration of design and performance that contains

  • (i) the content of the certification basis,

  • (ii) a declaration attesting to the demonstration of conformity of the appliance or part with its certification basis,

  • (iii) information identifying the components of the type design of the appliance or part,

  • (iv) the rated performance of the appliance or part,

  • (v) a reference to the record documenting the means of demonstrating conformity with the certification basis, and

  • (vi) a reference to the maintenance, overhaul and repair manuals;

• (c) make available to the Minister the means by which conformity is established; and

• (d) submit to the Minister for approval any manuals, instructions and limitations that are required by the certification basis established in respect of the appliance or part.

Inspections and Tests

521.108 An applicant for a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part shall

• (a) ensure, before conducting a test, that the item to be tested conforms to the drawings, specifications and manufacturing processes proposed for the type design of the appliance or part and that the measuring device and test equipment to be used are appropriate and calibrated for the test;

• (b) conduct all the inspections, analyses and tests necessary to demonstrate to the Minister that the type design of the appliance or part conforms to its certification basis;

• (c) in accordance with the certification plan, submit to the Minister for review the data and reports resulting from the inspections, analyses and tests conducted under paragraph (b); and

• (d) provide the Minister with access to the appliance or part for the purpose of making any inspection, making any engineering assessment, or conducting or witnessing any test,

  • (i) required to verify the applicant’s declaration attesting to the demonstration of conformity of the appliance or part with its certification basis, or

  • (ii) required to make a determination of the conformity of the appliance or part with its certification basis.

Issuance of a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) Design Approval

521.109 Subject to section 6.71 of the Act, the Minister shall issue a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part if the applicant

• (a) meets the requirements set out in section 521.107; and

• (b) submits a signed undertaking to carry out the responsibilities specified in Division VIII.

Change to a Type Design Approved in a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) Design Approval

• 521.110 (1) The holder of a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part who proposes to make a change to the appliance or part shall

  • (a) in the case of a change to the type design, apply for a new Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval under section 521.103; and

  • (b) in any other case, establish procedures to ensure that the changed appliance or part continues to conform to its certification basis and make the change after the Minister accepts the procedures.

• (2) An individual or organization, other than the holder of a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval in respect of an appliance or a part, who proposes to make a change or repair to the appliance or part shall make an application in respect of that appliance or part for the issuance of a Canadian Technical Standard Order (CAN-TSO) design approval, a supplemental type certificate, or a repair design approval.

[521.111 to 521.150 reserved]

Division IV — Changes to a Type Design

Application

521.151 This Division applies

• (a) in respect of the approval of a change to the type design of an aeronautical product; and

• (b) to applicants for an approval of a change to the type design of an aeronautical product.

Change to a Type Design

• 521.152 (1) Subject to section 521.153, no person shall undertake a change to the type design of an aeronautical product that has other than a negligible effect on the weight and centre-of-gravity limits, structural strength, performance, power plant operation, flight characteristics or other qualities affecting its airworthiness or environmental characteristics except in accordance with sections 521.155 to 521.160.

• (2) In any other case, no person shall undertake a change to the type design of an aeronautical product except in accordance with section 521.154.

Change to a Type Design Requiring a New Type Certificate

521.153 An applicant for the approval of a change to the type design of an aeronautical product shall submit an application for a new type certificate under section 521.28 if the Minister determines that the change is so extensive in relation to the design, configuration, power or weight of the product — including, in the case of an engine, its power limitations — that a substantially complete investigation by the applicant is necessary to determine conformity with the applicable certification basis.

Change Other than a Change to the Type Design

521.154 The holder of a design approval document who proposes to make a change to an aeronautical product, other than a change to the type design referred to in subsection 521.152(1), shall establish procedures to ensure that the changed aeronautical product continues to conform to its certification basis and make the change after the Minister accepts the procedures.

Application for Approval of a Change to the Type Design

521.155 An applicant for the approval of a change to the type design of an aeronautical product shall submit to the Minister

• (a) an application that contains the information specified on the form published by the Minister entitled Design Change Approval Application;

• (b) a description of the change to the type design that identifies

  • (i) all parts of the type design, including all parts of the approved manuals, that are affected by the change, and

  • (ii) any re-investigations necessary to demonstrate the continued conformity of the aeronautical product with the applicable certification basis, by listing the standards of airworthiness that must be met and the means to be used to demonstrate conformity;

• (c) a proposed certification basis; and

• (d) a certification plan that identifies

  • (i) the means to be used to demonstrate that the change to the type design of the aeronautical product conforms to the applicable certification basis,

  • (ii) the documentation that demonstrates that the change to the type design of the aeronautical product conforms to the applicable certification basis, and

  • (iii) the resources necessary for carrying out the demonstration of conformity referred to in subparagraph (i), and

  • (iv) the schedule for carrying out the demonstration of conformity referred to in subparagraph (i).